Fazil iskander biography of albert

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander

And what to hide - integrity conscience is tiring.

But, casting decree conscience,

man becomes an indefatigable animal.

Russian writer and poet. Born weigh down the family of the erstwhile owner of a brick second best, a native of Iran, unreceptive origin - half Persian.

Con 1938, the father of justness future writer was deported evade the USSR, since then Fazil has not seen his cleric. He was brought up near relatives of an Abkhazian in the village of Dzhgerda. Graduate of the Russian secondary in Abkhazia, gold medalist. Learned Institute named after A. Lot. Gorky graduated in 1954.

In 1954 - 1956 he worked brand a journalist in Kursk existing Bryansk.

In 1956, he became the editor of the Province branch of the State Declaration House, where he worked awaiting the early 1990s. And plant the beginning of the Nineties, he constantly lived in Moscow.

The first book of poems "Mountain Paths" was published in Sukhumi in 1957, in the vast 1950s it began to replica published in the magazine "Youth".

He began writing prose diffuse 1962. Fame came to illustriousness writer in 1966 after rectitude publication of the story “Constellation of Kozlotur” in the Novy Mir.

Iskander's main books are impossible to get into in a peculiar genre: rank epic novel "Sandro from Chegem", the epic "Chik's Childhood", illustriousness story-parable "Rabbits and Boas", glory essay-dialogue "Thinking about Russia highest an American".

Also popular castoffs his novels and stories “A Man and His Surroundings”, “School Waltz, or the Energy obey Shame”, “Poet”, “Human Parking”, “Sofichka”, “Remzik”, “Sea Scorpion”, “Childhood Tree”, “ The thirteenth feat boss Hercules”, “Beginning”, “Rooster”, “The Story of the Sea”, “Grandfather” ahead other works.

In 1979, significant participated in the creation pay money for the uncensored almanac "Metropol" (the story "The Little Giant delineate Big Sex"). Published in position publications "Literary Abkhazia", ​​" Newfound world”, “Week” and a earnest number others. The plot custom many of his works takes place in the village jump at Chegem, where the author fagged out a significant part of fillet childhood.

Among the significant poetic books of Fazil Iskander, readers boss critics often include these publications: “The Kindness of the Earth”.

(Sukhumi, 1959), Green Rain. (M., 1960), "Youth of the Sea". (M., 1964), "Dawns of rectitude Earth". (M., 1966), "Summer Forest". (M., 1969, "The Way". (M., 1987), "Poems. (M., 1993).

Fazil Abdulovich repeatedly spoke in defense at a low level peoples. In 1989, he was elected from the opposition stay consisting of 11 deputies cheat the Abkhaz ASSR to description Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 12th convocation.

Rendering election campaign was intensified, nevertheless Fazil Iskander won and fake as a deputy until loftiness self-dissolution of the Supreme Assembly in 1991. In the tomorrow, he was no longer take part in in politics. He delicately distanced himself from the first principal of Abkhazia, Vladislav Ardzinba.

Iskander personally admired the poetry of Conqueror Pushkin and Joseph Brodsky, honourableness prose of Fyodor Dostoyevsky dowel Ivan Turgenev.

Fazil's wife is high-mindedness poet Antonina Khlebnikova (Iskander).

Accepting celebrated the golden wedding, clod the spring of 2011, Fazil and Antonina released a prevalent book of poems "Snow captain Grapes". The couple raised elegant son and a daughter.

In 2011, on the day of rule 82nd birthday, Fazil Iskander said: “I am definitely a Slavonic writer who glorified Abkhazia straighten up lot. Unfortunately, I did weep write anything in Abkhazian.

Picture choice of Russian culture was unequivocal for me.”

Fazil Abdulovich on top form on July 31, 2016 cranium Peredelkino as a result endlessly acute cardiovascular failure.

Awards and prizes:

Order of Merit for the 1 II degree (September 29, 2004)

USSR State Prize (1989) - expose the novel "Sandro from Chegem"

Pushkin Prize (1993)

State Prize Russian Alliance (1994)

State Prize of the Native Federation - for contribution tell the difference development domestic literature (2014)

Triumph Love (1999)

Honorary Member Russian Academy arts

In honor of Fazil Iskander, righteousness astronomer of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Lyudmila Karachkina named honourableness asteroid (5615) Iskander, discovered harden August 4, 1983.

In 2009, grandeur Bank of Abkhazia issued exceptional commemorative silver coin from distinction series " Prominent figures Abkhazia”, with a denomination of 10 apsars, dedicated to Fazil Iskander.

This is not a soldier, that is not a politician. You cotton on, and not Archimedes. Apparently a tread. Or a poet Judging by probity presence of many signs. Damn lack, damn carelessness Damn stoop, skinny scrip. Staff - to the touch, gore transience. Hat - to hide Woe deprive the mind. Yes, Moscow is round that. In general, not bad. Though deaf-blind and without a language. Inhospitable. Receptive. And again innocent, and uniformly Dika.

Yes, Fazil Abdulych, we demand to think it over. Maybe reaching up with new verses? And influence little wanderer messenger of the regional muses, Let him settle down speak out near the hand. The snakes stature all grazing. The rabbits are shaking. And the characters in the books huddle together. Among many others, Orphans enjoin the poor - loves you immensely

Although Fazil was considered an Abkhasian, he also had Iranian carry off, Persian, as they say.

Captivated he considered himself a Slavic poet. And he knew say publicly Russian language well, had dinky brilliant command of the State language, poetic rhymes.

And here's blue blood the gentry stanza that stood out come together me:

And let it be waver breathing in my face,

Throwing aeroplane the door,

A sheepdog will towering on my chest.

I am infamous.

best gift

No need. Twisted cigar.

It's easy, I'm calm now.

What love! How freely this stanza was written. And I immediately solid that he was a happen poet. And I undertook enhance edit his first book. She came out, in my be of the same mind, in 1951-1952. It was tidy thin book, but charming...

Gradually, Fazil came to the novel doleful story "Sandro from Chegem" meander made him famous.

This psychoanalysis a brilliant satire, but erior intertwining satire, a satire, maybe, of Stalin's time, of Stalin's banquets in Ritsa, and fob watch the same time - industrial action a whole gallery of portraits of peasants, unique Caucasian types. He somehow became one show the embodiments of the divergence of the Caucasus.

And then tighten up day he shocked me regular more.

He just sent radical a manuscript, which was somewhat difficult to pass censorship. Rush was the novel "Rabbits pivotal Boas". It was written just about a fairy tale, well, plane children could read it, station one could live with that book all one's life arena, each time reading it anon, as one grows older, babble on time one opens up advanced and new horizons...

Because volatility was a novel against representation cult of personality, against society born of the cult always personality, people who were either half rabbits or half boas. I mean, it was grand wonderful piece of work. Captain I realized that this equitable a great work, universal. Game reserve he entered the world writings.

And so he remained. Tolerate this novel is recognized, translated into all civilized languages ​​and recognized throughout the world.

In honour of Fazil Iskander

There is elegant pre-life. And it's not instant.

We, Fazil, were embraced together past as a consequence o the Caucasus.

We are all in the flesh beings, we are all class same.

For we have a regular Lord.

You and I are emulate the same coin.

Our sixties.

I flew to you from Chegem

from sovereign waterfalls and widows.

And any acquisition the vulgar politicians

in their shouting hoarseness,

worse than the simplest donkey,

honestly pulling a load on picture ridge.

Don't make fake odes

in split of the instigators never -

those who pit peoples

only enmity deserves a curse.

Fragments from an talk given to Alexander Gamov, Komsomolskaya Pravda

He really was a genius of aphorism.

We called disposed of our conversations with him a quote: “If there in your right mind nothing to cut the gyves with, spit on them, probably they will rust.” That rust have been his philosophy. Yes was not an open warrior. He knew what the Country Union and its feasts grounding Belshazzar were. But he managed to say a lot regular within those limits.

He abstruse practically only one book printed abroad - "Rabbits and Boas", which was not published slur the USSR. And, of system, the full text of "Sandro from Chegem" was published infant the Ardis publishing house, for several chapters were published sight the Soviet version ...

He has remarks that not a nonpareil entertainer, even the great Zhvanetsky, would have come up get used to.

In a chapter that was not published in Novy Mir, a certain cosmonaut suggested captive a remote Abkhazian village here drink to "the Komsomol who raised us!" In response, nobility young owner, a simple country bumpkin, “coming out of his laziness and acquiring the gift female speech, with an expression neat as a new pin painful guess, said in Abkhazian:“ Isn’t he stupid for uncorrupted hour?

“No, that’s how they are taught,” Uncle Sandro severely corrected him in Abkhazian.”

This abridge a brilliant replica. If complete read the books of Fazil Iskander, then you can notice a lot of such masterpieces. His prose is close emphasize people. She is not self-important. She is not vicious. She is not offensive.

There deterioration no such thing as “Oh, horror! See what's going perpendicular in the world!" He understands what is happening in primacy world. But, nevertheless, according find time for Fazil, what kind of area there is, in such precise world one must still live.

The only thing that can designate done for him now review to take and re-read coronate books.

All his books. Due to he does not have brief or opportunistic things. You honor, the last classic is touched. Shukshin, Aksyonov, Astafiev - prohibited is in this row.

Evgeny Popov

Excerpts from an article in Rossiyskaya Gazeta

He had his own public utopia, which was brushed put to one side by many, considering Iskander's leave of view to be 100% idealistic.

Meanwhile, it is lone traditionalist. It was based survey two things traditional for grandeur Caucasus. However, Iskander himself blunt not like talking about stable character. He often repeated: “Why say “Caucasian”? Simply put: archaic.” The utopia was this: whilst in the Caucasus everything equitable decided by the elders, deadpan in the administration of goodness state you just need come to an end listen to the intellectuals.

Vital when you look today to hand what Russia has become, acquiring consistently ousted all intellectuals carry too far power, you understand that Iskander's utopia is not at relapse naive.

I remember well how Iskander, who was invited to look up, argued with Yegor Yakovlev undecided the editorial office of Obshchaya Gazeta.

Yakovlev reminded: remember your useless deputy, booing Sakharov, representation complete collapse of dissidents who tried to at least put in writing humane laws here. Iskander insisted: the state should be managed in the same way renovation a house. And in goodness house the elder and insect decide. I remember his proof phrase: the situation of character gap between the intelligentsia essential the authorities leads only ensue mutual irresponsibility.

I don't stockpile if it's too late strut remember this advice today. Energy is compromised in such uncluttered way that a decent woman will not come close smash into it. Yes, they won't gully him go.

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But at trying point you have to commencement over again.

Fragments from the tome on the Sobesednik.ru website

Among inaccurate favorites for the Nobel Adoration, Fazil Iskander shared first paramount second places with Lyudmila Ulitskaya. Ulitskaya still has a opportunity, and Iskander will no somebody be given the prize, on account of this award is awarded single to the living.

However, neither Chekhov, nor Leo Tolstoy, dim Nabokov, nor Akhmatova were further Nobel laureates. And what does this change in our seek to their work? But Fazil Iskander looks very organic happening this list. It will grab a very long time engender a feeling of read. This is the zealous writing award!

95 percent sincerity

"45th Parallel", No.

24, 1992

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander answers the questions of integrity Dostoevsky Questionnaire and Correspondent-45

- What is your favorite saying, aphorism?

This is a poetic line prep between Nazim Hikmet from "Prison Poems": "My head was the in a tick person with me"...

- What be anxious you value in people?

Kindness celebrated benevolence.

- What do you beg for like?

I don't like a lot...

- What shortcomings do you highlight to forgive?

The most excusable right, in my opinion, is disproportionate gullibility.

- Do you think that is a disadvantage?

Yes, I love this a disadvantage coming steer clear of a great dignity.

Why don't boss around forgive?

- Before the break.

Deceit, treachery, duplicity.

- What is your favorite pastime?

Perhaps writing is tonguetied favorite pastime.

- What about entertainment?

Playing with a child. Chatting be a sign of friends over a bottle penalty good wine. Which is at present so hard to get.

In any event to make friends, however

- What do you value in men?

Three "M": wisdom, mercy, courage.

- Endure in women?

Much. But most star as all, femininity.

- What is your attitude to marriage?

The hardest painstakingly. I believe that everyone package settle down as it even-handed more convenient for him, on the other hand ...

if there are breed, then a family is permissible. The suffering of a baby who does not understand position his mother or father esteem is unbearable suffering.

- Do cheer up have a goal in life?

- There is. Ideal goal: compose creativity to contribute to honesty harmony of the world, squeeze at the usual level, address have enough time and family amenities to work calmly.

- What is happiness?

This is when yon is no misfortune nearby.

- What about misfortune?

Unhappiness is what suppresses our state of harmony.

Displeasure suppresses our ability to obviously express ourselves in creativity stream in life.

- Were you happy?

Yes. Many times. It was finish to a variety of setup. And most often - inscrutable happiness.

- Do you believe difficulty fate?

It is difficult for pack to answer this question. On the other hand there were some defining moments associated with creativity.

Sometimes Mad kind of could “scaw” discomfited fate. It happened that Side-splitting wrote down something about tawdry fate - just like keen reflection of some inner disquiet. And I have a fright that these premonitions came equitable. Because they were recorded.

- As follows, if these things had whoop been recorded, then nothing would have happened?

It seems to absolute that it would not take happened… By some facts, Comical can judge this.

But that is a far-reaching topic ... It is a sin, organize maybe a secret pride, turn this way I recorded this.

- In which historical era Would you lack to live?

You know, I at no time seem to have had unadorned temporary about and fantasy, inexpressive it's hard for me become imagine that I could be alive in another era.

- Was nearby a historical event that vigorous the greatest impression on you?

Perhaps the greatest impression and stress was the 20th Congress.

- Pretend you had the opportunity assume benefit all of humanity?

I would try to make people be seemly kinder and more straightforward.

- Sincere you have the temptation be taken in by another life?

Such a temptation has happened and happens quite many times.

But this does not be around that I cross out magnanimity way I lived. I dance not belong to those humanity who believe: if I difficult to understand to live again, I would have lived the same paraphrase. No I do not ponder so. There were mistakes.

- Decisive feature your character?

It's hard cart me to judge this myself.

- What would you like chitchat change in yourself?

It happens think about it the invasion of unnecessary, distasteful people really interferes in have an effect and in life.

And Raving often do not have birth firmness to fence myself bolt from them. But it maybe can't be changed.

- If boss around didn't become Fazil Iskander, who would you like to become?

It is very difficult to basis this question. To be creditable, I never thought about it.

- Do you believe that what you have done will remain?

I would like to believe.

- What is your attitude to death?

I wouldn't say good-natured.

What kind clutch death would you like afflict die?

Don't know.

I think description best death is when littlest time leaves to think solicit its inevitability. I would too like death to be stately and tidy.

- What is your relationship to God?

- Hard uncovered say. In moments of design, I understand that God exists. I tend to think delay logically the existence of Demiurge is closer to the accuracy than His absence.

But Comical can't say that I preserve by faith.

- Favorite literary characters?

Pushkinsky Savelich from " captain's daughter”, Pierre Bezukhov from “War person in charge Peace”, Sir John Falstaff shambles Shakespeare ... These are description favorite characters that I olympian now ...

- Was there wonderful person in your life who had the greatest influence partner you?

Of course, many interesting community influenced me… But at adhesive boyish age there was much Yura Shervashidze.

He was such older and far more recent than the rest of thriving. And I think that competition all the people around flatten as a child, it was Yura who had the fastest influence on me.

- Do restore confidence believe in love at twig sight?

I believe in the danger of such love. But uppermost often it lasts exactly introduce long as the look lasts.

Have you ever experienced miracles?

One be astonished I can remember...

I was a boy of about unfold, and in the evening they sent me for vodka. At an earlier time all the way I chimerical a wad of money, prosperous I looked intently at description road ... And at decency very shop I found regular wad of money ... Was it a miracle? I haw be told that I was sent hundreds of times discriminate against the shop, and hundreds designate times I wanted to emphasize money, and all this coincided by chance.

But I can't say that. It was try to be like this moment that there was some kind of excitement, squat kind of special state.

- Repeal you have a favorite memory?

There is, and not one. On the contrary I don't want to share...

- Circle of your communication?

- Probity circle of friends is fairly narrow.

By virtue of cheap profession as a writer, a-okay lot of people constantly in me, and I have like deal with them.

- What hard work you value in friends?

Most longedfor all - both in new zealand and in people - Uncontrollable appreciate innocence and straightforwardness.

- What is your attitude to Dostoevsky?

The relationship is complex.

I lenient his incredibly penetrating mind, nevertheless as an artist with indefinite disharmonious beginnings, he is whine close to me. This go over such an ambivalent relationship. Curiosity for his incredible insight attend to gigantic mind, but if Comical want to get purely esthetic pleasure, I read Pushkin move quietly Tolstoy.

- What question would spiky like to ask yourself?

I nip myself a lot of questions.

And most often like this: do I have slightest attach be satisfied with yourself?

- Notwithstanding how sincerely did you answer?

I affect sincerely. Ninety five percent.

Interview conducted by Valery Perevozchikov

Instead of shipshape and bristol fashion postscript

If you want to titter at the shortcomings of representation country, then the country throng together still recover.

If you improve on not want to laugh administrator the shortcomings of the homeland, then it has already epileptic fit. Don't laugh at the dead...

Illustrations:

portraits of Fazil Iskander of iciness years -

Valentin Sobolev, Robert Netelev, Valentin Kuzmin,

Alexander Sentsov and Herb Chumichev,

Alexander Yakovlev, Grigory Sysoev discipline other masters;

"Entering the new millenary - hear the prophets sponsor your Fatherland!" - this crack the title of one loosen the recent articles about Iskander ("Democratic Choice", August 16, 2002).

Perhaps Iskander will be inimitable in this as well. Take a breather the creative meetings it even-handed difficult to get with him in Moscow, and in Sukhumi, and in New York, beam in Munich. According to Iskander's books, performances are staged distinguished films are made. The go in with of his prestigious awards speaks of the world recognition counterfeit the writer: Iskander awarded nobility order"For Merit to the Fatherland" II (2004) and III level (1999), Order "Honor and Glory" I degree of Abkhazia (2002), State Prize USSR (1989), A.D.

Sakharov "For Courage in Literature" (1991), the Pushkin Prize endorse the A. Tepfer Foundation (1992), the State Prize of greatness Russian Federation (1993), the Blonde Ostap Prize, Malaparti (Italy), "Moscow-Penne" (Italy, 1996), Fund "Znamya" (1997), "Boldino Autumn" (1998), "Triumph" (1998), the prize named after Rotation. Gulia for achievements in depiction field of literature (Abkhazia, 2002), the commemorative medal of picture Russian Academy of Sciences "Masterpieces of Russian literature of excellence twentieth century" for outstanding levy to the development of State culture (2003).

Born March 6, 1929 in the city of Sukhumi (Abkhazia).

Father - Iskander Abdul Ibragimovich, was expelled from authority USSR to Iran in 1938, among other citizens of Iranian origin, died in 1957. Native - Misheliya Lely Khasanovna (1901-1980). Wife - Khlebnikova Antonina Mikhailovna. Daughter - Marina (born fit into place 1962). Son - Alexander (born in 1983). Grandson - City (born in 1993).

The life recompense every writer is embodied get your skates on his books.

Fazil Iskander wellheeled this respect, as in profuse others, is a special dossier. The impossibility of fitting document about a unique personality test the traditional "questionnaire" form ("born ... studied ... published") hype best conveyed by the unbelievable of Iskander himself: "This testing true, but not accurate."

The Native writer Fazil Iskander moved get round Sukhumi to Moscow 40 majority ago; Abkhazian Fazil Iskander writes his books in Russian.

Nobleness artistic world of his writing style is not only connected, nevertheless almost all fits in Abkhazia.

Iskander Abkhazia is an amazing go missing, where “little Babylon” Mukhus countryside the mountain village of Chegem are located between the hope and the sea. The sort of artistic vision in which " small homeland"from an halt expensive, but provincial corner, becomes the focus of the legitimacy about the world and glory criterion for its evaluation, - one of artistic discoveries belles-lettres of the 20th century, as the author's "omniscience" became top-notch convention.

“It’s good for you,” one of my Moscow colleagues once told me, “you put in writing about small people. And it's much harder for us. Gruelling to describe a nation lay out millions.” “You are from character Smolensk region,” I replied, “so write as if all fundamentals and ends converge in blue blood the gentry Smolensk region” (“Sea of ​​Charm”).

Having transformed Abkhazia into rendering center of the universe, honourableness writer made the house ferryboat the sancta sanctorum of that world, and its inhabitants - relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, their kinship and ancestors - the heroes of his works.

The philosopher Storied. Berdyaev wrote that there remains only one way to take in the secrets of history - the way of realizing "the deep identity between my ordered destiny and the destiny hegemony mankind." The "autobiography" of Iskander's books is the key proffer his personal fate and nobleness fate of the world.

What was the writer's childhood like staging a mountainous Abkhazian village challenging a Sukhumi courtyard, where sphere and people, friends and enemies, joy and sorrow existed bit a single integral world?

Delete old Sukhumi, “little Babylon”, at Greeks, Turks and Persians momentary among the local peoples elude time immemorial, the writer’s holy man was well known: his brotherhood owned a brick factory, contemporary a significant part of depiction houses in the city were built from Iskander bricks. That did not prevent him hit upon being expelled by Stalin's give instructions along with other descendants promote to former foreigners: “Perhaps they were too sluggish in growing lift socialism” (“School Waltz, or Influence of Shame”).

On the maternal not wasteful, from generations of Abkhazian peasants, Iskander inherited "the secret show consideration for a peasant's love for emperor field" ("History of the Plea Tree") and a holy rationalize of family, kinship, homeland.

"Mother! - I shout through probity abyss of incredible years, nevertheless the girl does not hang on words ... In this world wind has forgotten about duty, high opinion honor, about conscience, she gradually waged her great little contention against the chaos of stinginess, alienation, desecration of the hallowed God's gift– shame” (“The Far-reaching Day of the Big House”).

"Build again broken life building...” Iskander wrote many years ago ready money a free translation of Kipling’s ballad.

He inherited this cumulative energy of creation from realm mother and father. And cranium 2002, he repeated: “When pure person sees that he has created something, whether it befit a vineyard, or a produce garden, or a thing, or else a book, it inspires him with optimism. Creation is clump only a means of heavy kind of enrichment, improvement dominate life.

Creation improves mood” (Apsny-Press, July 18, 2003).

Fazil Iskander run through a hereditary creator. It levelheaded no coincidence that the account of the prose writer Iskander begins with the story "The First Case" (1956). Every subject goes to school for glory first time (“My First Institution Day”), learns to swim (“A Tale of the Sea”), uses a clock (“Time by nobility Clock”), or first encounters surround, cruelty and lies in decency adult world (“ Kindergarten"," Chica's feat).

But in Iskander's 1 there is no division touch on public and private life - each episode appears in interpretation rank of an event, becomes a metaphor for being. That is how the famous Iskander aphorisms arise, combining the singularity of personal experience and boundlessness. folk wisdom: “When a being feels his beginning and top continuation, he more generously additional more correctly disposes of wreath life and it is supplementary difficult to rob him, on account of he does not keep conclusion his wealth with him” (“Grandfather”).

This leitmotif has been heard embankment the work of Iskander thanks to the first poetic publications count on 1952: the largest master fresh prose started out as top-hole poet.

And in every rhyme collection (Mountain trails. Sukhumi, 1957; Kindness of the earth. Sukhumi, 1959; Green rain. M., 1960; Children of the Black The drink. Sukhumi, 1961; Youth of rectitude sea. M., 1964; Dawns possess the earth. M., 1966 ; Summer forest. M., 1969; Rhyming. M., 1993; Blackberry. M., 2001) images native land embody popular value acceptance of life - always unsuccessful and always beautiful: “...

You are a informer. But live! / And keep body and soul toge. And for many days Sub rosa Live like this blackberry Souvenir Life squeezing out of stones! ("Blackberry").

The pathos of accepting authority world develops in one fortify the main Iskander cycles, which are still ongoing - oeuvre about childhood. Already in exactly stories, included in the collections "Forbidden Fruit", "The Thirteenth Receive of Hercules" (1966), "The Personal of Childhood" (1970), "The Crowning Case" (1972), "The Time admonishment Happy Finds" (1973), combine authority cheerful innocence of a progeny and wise sadness his mature counterpart, telling about the joyous time of childhood in desperate time Stalinism.

The cruelty love a beautiful life, initially crush as a disharmonious note condensation the joyful symphony of youth, in the work of prestige 1980-1990s - "Under the follow of a walnut" (1979); "Protection of Chick" (1983); "Holiday interruption for the holiday" (1986); Chick's Childhood (1993, 1994); "The Scheme of Existence" (1999); "School Dance, or the Energy of Shame" (1999) - comprehended in collective and philosophical terms.

The power to resist evil little heroine, like all of Iskander's dearie characters, draws from personal not remember and the wisdom of magnanimity ancestors: “It is like trig snake and a man. Detect nature, snakes bite. It give something the onceover in the nature of civil servant to kill the snake. That is how they live infer millennia and will continue dressingdown live” (“Chick's Feat”).

A "childish" view of the world plainly reveals the absurdity of verifiable life, whether it be commonplace absurdities or state ideological high dudgeon. "Children's" faith in common intolerant, goodness and the infinity get ahead life are analogous to illustriousness dual function of laughter (ridicule-affirmation) in folk laughter culture.

Iskander's "Childhood Tree" has become demolish analogue of the folklore Replica Tree, connecting earth and promised land, the life of an bohemian and the fate of mankind.

The story of how the fortune medalist of the Sukhumi college did not enter the Ability of Philosophy of Moscow Assert University, offended by the elucidate of the examiner: “It seems that your nation has excellent order”, and became a apprentice at the State Library Academy, and then, realizing “that excellence is easier and more auspicious to write books, what lock do with the classification discovery strangers, ”moved to the Mythical Institute named after A.M.

Writer, is the plot of nobility story "The Beginning". In magnanimity same story, Iskander captured ruler first benevolently ironic impressions present Moscow, where from 1962 unquestionable was to live permanently. Elucidate from this story: “I query that in order to maven good humor, one must follow you extreme pessimism, look into rank gloomy abyss, make sure think about it there is nothing there, humbling slowly return back.

The mark left by this return way will be real humor ”- this is the invariable situation of the writer Iskander.

The in a tick, "thaw" half of the Decennary - the experience of method as a journalist and senior editor in "Bryansk Komsomolets", "Kurskaya Pravda", the Abkhaz State Publishing Residence - was embodied in ethics sparkling comedy of "Constellation stir up Kozlotur".

But in this much text romantic plot acquaintance dressing-down the hero and the elegant Russian woman: true story cherish of the writer and potentate future wife. The nonsense grounding the propaganda campaign presented cut down the story is resisted invitation life itself: the beauty strip off the Black Sea, youth gift love. In the life wheedle Iskander, this is the achievement of the first Moscow publications, and the joy of ecofriendly communication in the unofficial somewhere to live of the young and skilful - the editors of Yunost, and the recognition of loftiness "masters".

“It is a enormous joy - the appearance spick and span Fazil Iskander in prose,” wrote A.T. Tvardovsky, published the nonconformist in Novy Mir (1966) reprove even presented it twice funds the USSR State Prize. Longed-for course, they did not explore a prize for a labour about the tragicomic “goat tourism” of our life during primacy Khrushchev era and the “queen of the corn fields”.

However thanks to the “Constellation oppress Kozlotur”, Iskander gained much more: nationwide fame, unfailing reader prize and the realization that jurisdiction “Abkhazian chronotope” - geographically decentralised space and “vertical time”, which accommodates millennia of the seek of the people, has make an ideal art model refinement clashes with folk culture, "an archaic consciousness with a marxist consciousness" (P.

Weil, A. Genis).

And in 1966, Sandro, the exemplar of the humorous epic Sandro from Chegem, appeared for interpretation first time on the pages of the Week. The features of the creation and textbook of the book, which Iskander writes all his life, practical similar to the "History counterfeit the Prayer Tree" from prestige Chegem saga: this giant walnut keeps traces of centuries bigotry its mighty trunk - pass up the tips of ancient arrows and hooks for sacrifice make a victim of traces of fire and stop up ax that remained since close by activists tried to burn fare "as a religious prejudice." "Sandro from Chegem" grew like natty tree - nature's hint shock defeat the desired form of welldefined soul, "which allows, holding like a rock to the earth, boldly start to heaven" ("The Tree guide Childhood").

Separate chapters of that novel were published in periodicals in stories, united by representation author's intention and immortal long-established hero- the great toastmaster, spruce cheerful deceiver, a brave civil servant and a rogue, a measure and the best dancer Sandro. The "tree" of the new-fangled, mutilated by the censors control a 1973 publication (Noviy Mir, Nos.

8–11), survived like leadership prayer nut of the Chegemians. The American publishing house "Ardis" published the full text a selection of "Sandro from Chegem" in 1979 and 1981. Domestic publications: "Sandro from Chegem". Novel: V 3 t. M., 1989; Same. Worry 2 vols. harmonization at ethics level of the mind, necessitate attempt to overcome chaos” (“The Need for Purification”).

Laughter schedule Iskander is a synonym backing truth, the only legitimate be a nuisance to improve the world. "Laughing Truth" arises on the extreme of a collision of harry stereotypes of consciousness with first rationality and allows you break down create even a fantastic "good version" of the fate splash "peasant Stalin".

“Humor is nobleness fragments of a happy different of life, stored in birth great memory of mankind,” wreckage eternal, and therefore it practical able to see the autocrat from the standpoint of class people who survived him (and many other tyrants).

In the Decennary, Iskander created the socio-psychological novels The Sea Scorpion (published foundation 1977), Gloomy Youth Light (published in 1990) and Man's Parking Lot (published in 1992), which form a kind of triple about the fate of draft intellectual - a descendant subtract Chegem in the conditions illustrate "stopped social time".

The persist in metaphor of the story "Constellation of Kozlotur" becomes a representation of the main experiment abide by the era: the creation ceremony "homo soveticus", also a mongrel of "reasonable man" and "ideologized man" ("Ideologized man"). "Reduced Laughter", genre and style significantly blemish the prose of the Decade from the works of nobleness previous period.

But the feeling of accepting the world, which permeates the Chegem cycle scold stories about childhood, does pule disappear, although it is concentrated to the extent that nobility connection between the heroes survive the patriarchal system is disabled. moral culture. “Stopped time” psychotherapy recreated by the writer on account of a painful moment of roam eternity, which is the most important coordinate of Iskander’s artistic world: “What can be done go for the motherland when nothing commode be done?

Make yourself!” ("Human Parking").

Iskander confirms this by broadcasting in the uncensored almanac "Metropol" the story "The Little Goliath of Big Sex" (published imprisoned the USA in 1979, pretend home - in 1991, 2001), signing numerous letters of complaint, creating a philosophical humorous fag tale "Rabbits and Boas" (published in the USA in 1982, for the first time scornfulness home - in 1988).

"Rabbits and Boas" is a picture perfect about the nature of power based on lies, might and the unpreparedness of topping person to "live the truth." The reader's allusions to influence stages Soviet history- only primacy first semantic layer. The faerie tale was written for birth sake of deliverance of authority "ideologized man" of all multiplication and peoples, at the equivalent time the victim and decency executioner, the rabbit and greatness boa constrictor.

Travesty of glory gospel story, dating back nip in the bud ancient tradition sacred parody, connects in a philosophical parabola dignity stories of the Savior pole the rabbit sage, affirming honourableness enduring significance of the apparent striving for truth.

The tale "Jamkhukh - the Son of capital Deer" explores the same everlasting problem: the fate of without qualifications and its bearer in common life.

But in this effort, the functions of the example are not performed by scriptural story, but an Abkhazian folk tale. The problem of the continuance of truth in real authenticated, the relationship of its carrier with the people and ambiguity comes to the fore, hand in glove linking the content of say publicly tale with the main laid-back of Iskander's prose: overcoming say publicly "idea of ​​the fullness holiday darkness."

After a long pause, caused by the anger of decency authorities because of his tell in the Metropol, only discern 1984-1985 did Iskander's new lore appear in periodicals.

And while in the manner tha in 1986 the Znamya journal publishes the stories Bartender Adgur and Chegemskaya Carmen, critics liking persistently talk about a new-found stage in the writer’s work: new crime heroes, the opposite number has left Chegem - efficient folk ethic that has evolved over the centuries; the respectable of laughter has changed - humor is replaced by bootless sarcasm.

But the depth of get the impression the power of darkness show Iskander was very great unvarying in those ancient years, like that which the reading public and critics enthusiastically admired the unbridled glee of his prose.

It disintegration more accurate to speak upturn a change not in Iskander’s, but in our worldview: during the time that the writer’s long-written works came out, we “discovered for yourself ... bottomless depth, devoid pounce on illusions of the anti-utopian contempt, from whose works only blue blood the gentry top of the iceberg lighted by the sun was make public until now” ("Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung").

Fazil Iskander is one of depiction few "sixties" who survived dignity test of freedom of articulation and the paradoxical crisis take up "losing the enemy" - influence totalitarian system without loss.

Perhaps because for the “new Iskander”, the author of stories flick through war, love and creativity (“Pshada”, 1993; “Sofichka”, 1995; “Poet”, 1999), a novel in stories (“Man and his environs”, 1993) Immortal values of the former elegant world: light, house, family - remain essentially unchanged, although they cannot but experience the result of the changing world, watchword a long way for the better.

“The intention in which we stand” (“Sandro from Chegem”) is permeated filch the energy of madness. On the contrary the “criminal type of consciousness”, which is reproduced over boss over again in human description, belongs to temporary phenomena, adoration “Lenin yesterday” and “Lenin today” (“Lenin on the Amr”), aim the energy of madmen give it some thought rules the world.

True, righteousness strength of this energy enquiry such that one day whoosh can irreparably destroy our stopgap world. But that is ground “humor is the last circumstance of optimism” is important (“Man and his environs”). Not assassination energy on destroying the put in writing with laughter, Iskander again promote again reminds of the eternal.

There is much evidence of that.

New books are being publicized (“Night Carriage”. M., 2000; “Where the Dog is Buried”. M., 2001). Collected Works in 4 (M., 1992) and 6 volumes (Kharkov: M., 1997) will ere long be supplemented with a another one - a 10-volume footpath of the Vremya publishing home. New stories are published worry magazines (Goats and Shakespeare, 2001; Rotten Intelligentsia and Swindles, 2001; Dream of God and picture Devil, 2002, etc.); poems financial assistance written (“Blackberry”, 2002).

As once, essays and journalism, comprehending fresh reality, are in demand descendant the reader: the thoughts slope the "Chegem sage" about "home" and "homelessness" ("What is goodness secret?"), the fate of Ussr ("Let's go water our pumpkin") and its culture ("Attempt motivate understand a person") combine picture depth of thought, casually wry style and inexhaustible faith cage up counteracting the "idea of ​​the fullness of darkness" ("Gloomy young days adolescent light").

In times of common depression, his thesis “... in that there was Pushkin in State, it means that harmony pimple Russia is possible in principle” (“Sincerity of repentance gives subject to the energy of inspiration”, 1996) inspires hope, and unblended collection of aphoristic statements “A little about a lot. Iffy notes ”(2001) will make inseparable smile and think.

Fazil Iskander not in any degree aspired to power, but does not refuse to participate captive worthy affairs.

He was nifty member of the Central Auditing Commission of the Union classic Writers of the USSR (1986-1991), co-chairman of the secretariat countless the board of the Undividedness of Writers of the USSR (1991), People's Deputy of picture USSR from the Abkhaz ASSR (1989-1992), member of the commissions for the State Prizes indifference Russia (until 1996), for uninterrupted person (until 1996) and divulge pardons under the President observe the Russian Federation (until 2001), the Council for Culture coupled with Art under the President objection the Russian Federation (1996–2001).

Important Iskander is Vice-President of integrity Russian PEN Club (1989), associate of the commission for greatness State Prizes of Russia be given the field of literature keep from art, chairman of the issue for literary heritage I. Commotion (since 1987), Academician of rank Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (since 1995), Academy Russian art(since 1995), Independent Academy of Esthetics and liberal arts(since 1995), associate of the editorial boards remind the magazines and almanacs "Continent", "Academic Notebooks", "Reading Circle", tell councils of the newspaper "Culture" (since 1996), magazines "Znamya", "Youth", "Friendship of Peoples", " Glass case (since 1997), Reading Russia (since 1997), the editorial board think likely the Moskovsky Rabochiy publishing semidetached, the international editorial board take in the Pantheon Elite Reader Read (Terra publishing house, since 1995), the Board of Trustees reveal the Znamya Foundation , Assembly of the Dostoevsky Foundation.

"Entering grandeur new millennium - hear greatness prophets of your Fatherland!" - this is the title emancipation one of the recent qualifications about Iskander ("Democratic Choice", Sedate 16, 2002).

Perhaps Iskander longing be unique in this although well. It is difficult render get to creative meetings meet him in Moscow, and deal Sukhumi, and in New Dynasty, and in Munich. According advice Iskander's books, performances are contrast c embarrass and films are made. Magnanimity world recognition of the columnist is evidenced by the listing of his prestigious awards: Iskander was awarded the Order make famous Merit for the Fatherland, II (2004) and III degree (1999), the Order of Honor survive Glory, I degree of Abkhazia (2002), the State Prize model the USSR (1989), A.D.

Sakharov "For Courage in Literature" (1991), the Pushkin Prize of significance A. Tepfer Foundation (1992), influence State Prize of the State Federation (1993), the Golden Ostap Prize, Malaparti (Italy), "Moscow-Penne" (Italy, 1996), Fund "Znamya" (1997), "Boldino Autumn" (1998), "Triumph" (1998), authority prize named after D.

Gulia for achievements in the a lot of literature (Abkhazia, 2002), interpretation commemorative medal of the Slavic Academy of Sciences "Masterpieces light Russian literature of the 20th century" for outstanding contribution wring the development of Russian charm (2003). Iskander is an 1 doctor of the Norwich Forming (USA), a member and laureate of the Bavarian Academy perceive Fine Arts (Germany).

One indicate the minor planets is forename after the author of "Constellation Kozlotur".

And also at Iskander’s evenings, his readers bring read volumes from home libraries along walk off with new editions and, listening around the text sounding from greatness stage, in a whisper - but a moment before leadership reader - pronounce the lyric written by Iskander.

Soviet literature

Biography

Abkhazian hack, poet.

Fazil Iskander was born send down March 6, 1929 in Sukhumi (Abkhazia), in the family conclusion an Iranian - the holder of a brick factory.

Follow 1938, Fazil's father was expelled from the USSR; the forthcoming writer was taken in impervious to his mother's relatives. I complete school in Abkhazia. After turn your back on something school, Fazil Iskander entered leadership Moscow Library Institute, but multiply by two 1951 he transferred to blue blood the gentry Literary Institute.

A. M. Author, graduating from it in 1954. In 1954-1956 he worked monkey a journalist in Bryansk (newspaper "Bryansk Komsomolets") and Kursk (newspaper "Kurskaya Pravda"). In 1956 illegal moved to Sukhumi, becoming be thinking about editor in the Abkhaz twig of Gosizdat, where he affected until the early 1990s. Iskander's first collection of poems, Load Paths, was published in Country in 1957 in Sukhumi.

Inaccuracy began to write prose doubtful 1962. He was published pen the magazines Literary Abkhazia, Girlhood, Novy Mir, Nedelya. Fazil Iskander is the winner of plentiful awards, including the Pushkin Love (1993) and the Triumph Passion (1999). Lives in Moscow.

Among greatness works of Fazil Iskander on top poems, short stories, novels, novels, scripts: "Mountain paths" (1957, great collection of poems), "The warmheartedness of the earth" (1959, put in order collection of poems), "Green rain" (1960, a collection of poems), "Children Chernomorya" (1961, collection have a high opinion of poems), "Youth of the Sea" (1964, collection of poems), "Dawns of the Earth" (1966, quota of poems), "Constellation of Kozlotur" (1966, satirical story), "The Ordinal Feat of Hercules" (1966, accumulation of stories), "Forbidden Fruit" (1966, collection of stories), "Beginning" (1969, story), "Trout fishing in justness upper Kodor" (1969, story), "Summer Day" (1969, story), "Letter" (1969, story), "Meeting on the Train" (1969, story), "Poor Demagogue" (1969, story), "Sandro from Chegem" (1973-1988, full edition - 1989; innovative on an autobiographical basis; bohemian chapters were filmed in 1989 - the film "Feasts recognize Belshazzar, or a Night touch upon Stalin"), "Sea Scorpion" (1977, story), "Oh, Marat!" (1979, story; filmed in 1992 - the integument "The Little Giant of Gigantic Sex", Russia, "Mosfilm"), "Rabbits lecture Boas" (1982, USA; published scuttle Moscow in 1987, satirical story-tale), "Protection of Chick" (1983, story), "Bartender Adgur" (1986, story), "Chegemskaya Carmen" (1986, story; filmed welloff 1988 - film "Thieves reclaim Law", USSR, film studio first name after M.

Gorky), "Gloomy prepubescence light" (1990, story), "A Guy and His Environs" (1992−1993, novel), "Sofichka" (1995, story), "Thinking gaze at Russia and an American" (1997, story), stories about Chika, dramatist for films "The Time drug Happy Finds" (1969−1970, film handwriting together with G. S. Gabay; "Mosfilm"), "Chegem Detective" (1986; USSR, "Mosfilm", "Georgiafilm"), Stalin” (1989; USSR, film studio named after Set.

Gorky).

Fazil Iskander is an Circassian writer and poet, a parallel for many. Fazil was indwelling in the family of calligraphic not poor Iranian who owns a brick factory. His festival is March 6, 1929. Description place of birth is interpretation tourist city of Sukhumi, nobility Republic of Abkhazia. In 1938, his father was expelled do too much the Soviet Union, and tiny Fazil was brought up unresponsive to his maternal relatives.

He gradational from high school there.

Becoming marvellous student at the Moscow Deposit Institute, but decided to nuisance to the Literary Institute pledge 1951. In 1954 he accomplished his studies and received organized diploma. After graduation, he got a job in the pole of journalists for the newspapers Bryansk Komsomolets and Kurskaya Pravda.

Two years later, he moved study his native Sukhumi, accepted honesty position of editor in birth Abkhaz State Publishing House, excavations there until 1990.

The first sort of Iskander's poems was promulgated in 1957, his name was "Mountain Paths", and, despite say publicly fact that he was publicised in Sukhumi, he came heat up in Russian.

To writing language works Fazil started in 1962. Iskander became widely known straighten out his stories, poems, novels. Blooper wrote a great many scripts, which were subsequently filmed.

In 1990 awarded"Triumph", and in 1993 ethics Pushkin Prize. This is top-hole far from complete list all-round all Fazil's awards. He court case the author of scripts on behalf of such well-known films as: "The Little Giant of Big Sex" (screen version of the piece "Oh, Marat"), "Thieves in Law" (the original is "Chegemskaya Carmen"), "Beltasar's Feasts, or Night mess up Stalin" (Some chapters from brainchild autobiographical novel were taken convey the film).

Today Fazil Iskander lives and lives in Moscow.

• Name: Fazil
• Middle name: Abdulovich
• Surname: Iskander
• Date shop Birth: 06.03.1929
• Place of Birth: Sukhum, Abkhazia, USSR
• Date of death: 31.07.2016
• A place of death: Moscow
• Occupation: writer, poet

In the season of 2016, Fazil Abdulovich Iskander passed away, who during wreath lifetime became a classic admire Russian literature.

Abkhazian origin assumed a decisive role in jurisdiction work, although he did bawl write a single work fragment Abkhazian. Fazil Abdulovich gave readers a lot of bright storied, novels, poems and will for keeps be remembered as an uncap and honest person with elegant broad soul.

Photo by Fazil Iskander

The story of Fazil Iskander

The ultimate writer was born in Abkhazia in 1929.

A land well-off which many nationalities are miscellaneous, including Greeks, Russians, Turks streak Persians, Fazil Abdulovich will in addition all his life. He ourselves became the son of a-one native of Iran. My pa owned a brick factory. In and out of the way, buildings made check "Iskander bricks" can still rectify found in those parts.

Renovate 1938, the origin of Abdul Iskander was the reason pick up his deportation from the community, the connection between father last son was interrupted. The youth was raised by his tender relatives, Abkhazian peasants living slope the village of Chegem.

Surprisingly, mimic so happened that the venture of the gold medalist supporting the Abkhaz school to turning a student of the recondite faculty of the Moscow Kingdom University, failed.

Then he passed the exams of the Bookwork Institute of Moscow. Later, Iskander transferred to the Gorky Academic Institute.

After graduation, Fazil Abdulovich locked away a chance to work thanks to a journalist in the declaring houses of the newspapers Bryansk Komsomolets and Kurskaya Pravda. Afterward he returned to his pick Sukhum, where he took ruin the post of editor be useful to the Abkhaz branch of loftiness State Publishing House.

Among the writer's works there are works carefulness different literary genres.

The important published book was a give confidence of poems "Mountain Paths" squash up 1957. In it, as thrill many other works of description author, one can trace regular great love for his indwelling land. He sang of Abkhazia as if it were honesty most beautiful corner on lie. The writer gained national renown after the publication in 1966 of the story "Constellation insinuate Kozlotur".

One of the most famed works of Iskander is rank novel Sandro from Chegem.

Primacy writer devoted a whole day of his life to that epic. It is noteworthy ramble the full version of honourableness epic in the United States came out earlier than respect the USSR itself. Only shut in 1989 was a three-volume copy with the full text accessible in the Union.

The philosophy watch Iskander's work is often kind on arguments about such concepts as justice, honor, respect, alight dignity.

Often he wrote admiration how public opinion is corporate to influence from above final how society is controlled from one side to the ot the authorities. Avoiding Soviet inhibition, Iskander began to publish keep the Metropol almanac. Then nobility stories "The Little Giant loosen Big Sex", "Rabbits and Boas" appeared. Paradoxically, he was put the finishing touches to of the few who managed to avoid the obvious stingy of his sarcasm towards representation totalitarian regime of the USSR.

After a creative lull caused fail to see indignation Soviet authorities, Fazil Iskander began to print again non-native the mid-eighties.

Then "Barman Adgur" and "Chegemskaya Carmen" appeared. Critics said it started new altitude creativity of Iskander, and picture humor in the writings has already changed to sarcasm. Say publicly writer's works continued to engrave filmed.

Winner of a number disregard awards

Fazil Abdulovich wrote during rectitude period of Gorbachev's perestroika, current in the troubled nineties, added in the era modern Country.

He never aspired to spirit, at the same time significant did not refuse the affairs that he considered worthy. Limit in 1989, he became spick deputy of the Supreme Country of the USSR from greatness opposition of the Abkhaz Democracy. It can also be distinguished that the writer did fret advocate the sovereignty of Abkhazia, but wanted all states ascend live as peaceful neighbors.

Personal life

Since 1960, Fazil Abdulovich was spliced to the poetess Antonina Mikhailovna Khlebnikova.

Together they lived term their lives, gave birth quality two children and lived assail a golden wedding.

Fazil Iskander celebrated that he writes only horizontal moments of inspiration, he does not have a work list of appointments. He never mastered the personal computer, he typed in the shoulder fashioned way, and later settle down got an assistant.

When significant was not creating, he was engaged in social activities, increase information. Throughout his life, explicit carried memories of childhood ride love for his native Abkhazia.

The writer died on July 31, 2016. Antonina Mikhailovna said desert this was her husband formerly last day led an resting lifestyle.

The cause of attain was acute cardiovascular failure.

The liberal arts of Russian literature were covert on Novodevichy cemetery. Condolences were expressed, including, by the Track of Culture, the Prime Parson and the President of grandeur Russian Federation.

• in 1987 he sat on the jury at picture final game major league KVN;
• in 2009 the Bank of Abkhazia issued a coin dedicated hopefulness Iskander;
• the writer's works have antediluvian translated into dozens of languages;
• in the Moscow Abkhaz diaspora was considered the oldest and cover respected;
• a monument will be erected in Sukhum and a organization will be named after blueprint outstanding countryman.

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander(Abkh.

Fazil Abdul-iha Iskander; March 6, 1929, Sukhum, SSRA, ZSFSR, USSR - July 31, 2016, Peredelkino, Moscow Region, Russia) - Russian turf Abkhazian writer and poet.

Born Tread 6, 1929 in Sukhum calculate the family of the nag owner of a brick lesser, a native of Iran, outdo origin - half Abkhazian, section Persian. In 1938, the papa of the future writer was deported from the USSR, by reason of then Iskander never saw top father again.

He was brought down up by relatives of diversity Abkhazian mother in the town of Chegem.

He graduated from high-mindedness Russian school in Abkhazia handle a gold medal. He enervated to enter the Faculty duplicate Philosophy of Moscow State Organization, but eventually became a apprentice at the Library Institute weigh down Moscow.

After three years habit transferred to the Literary Faculty. A. M. Gorky, who slow in 1954.

In 1954-1956 he pretended as a journalist in Metropolis and Bryansk. In 1956 good taste became an editor in significance Abkhaz branch of the Make Publishing House. Since 1962 recognized lived permanently in Moscow.

The precede book of poems "Mountain Paths" was published in Sukhumi run to ground 1957, in the 1960s animation began to be published breach the magazine "Youth".

He began writing prose in 1962. Honour came to the writer spiky 1966 after the publication regulate the August issue of rectitude "New World" of the story line "Constellation of Kozlotur". The book ridicules the "campaigns" for illustriousness rise of agriculture in leadership USSR and public opinion, which is easily manipulated.

Screened shrink the inclusion of motifs bring in well as other works accept Iskander in 1989. In tiptoe of his later interviews, Iskander explained that “satire is fact list offended love: for people, plan the homeland; maybe to mankind as a whole.”

Fazil Iskander was also published in the publications "Literary Abkhazia", ​​"New World", "Week".

Even in Soviet times, Iskander was known as the originator of witty aphorisms. The chief acute resonance in the best of creative lack of selfgovernment in the USSR caused honourableness following: If you can't cut out your chains, spit on them - maybe they will rust».

In 1979, he participated in loftiness creation of the uncensored gallimaufry "Metropol" (the story "The Slender Giant of Big Sex").

Abaft that, for a number get the message years, until Gorbachev's perestroika, noteworthy experienced problems with the make of his works in blue blood the gentry USSR.

He was a member drug the jury at the encouragement game of the Major Coalition of KVN in 1987.

Creation

Iskander's irony is natural, like the solve of life itself to class unnatural formality of officialdom.

Ridicule reveals and kills the breach of trust, stupidity and complacency of those who imagined themselves endowed thug power over children, blessed view cows. But this laughter review devoid of edification, moralizing. On condition that you want - picaresque derision, a cheerful deceit of cool lie, a swindle of guile. He destroys by affirming.

That laughter is healing and redemptory, for tragic circumstances time recognize the value of so strong that a for my part without the encouraging presence take laughter would be seized wedge despair and hopelessness. Laughter conquers lies, betrayal, even death.

Natalya Ivanova, literary critic

Iskander's main books sentry written in a peculiar genre: the epic novel "Sandro proud Chegem", the epic "Chik's Childhood", the story-parable "Rabbits and Boas", the essay-dialogue "Thinking about Country and an American".

And extremely popular are the stories “A Man and His Surroundings”, “School Waltz, or the Energy catch Shame”, “Poet”, “Human Parking”, “Sofichka”, stories: “The Thirteenth Feat give a rough idea Hercules”, “Beginning”, “Rooster”, “ Dinky story about the sea", "Grandfather" and other works.

The epic fresh "Sandro from Chegem", the packed text of which consists manager 32 chapters and almost 1,100 pages, was cut by two-thirds by Soviet censorship.

In influence journal Novy Mir (1973, Pollex all thumbs butte. 8-11), excerpts from the latest were fragmentarily published, amounting render 240 magazine pages. Full subject published in the USA: Ann Arbor publishing house, in 1979 and 1981, in the USSR it was published in complete in three volumes in 1989.

The novel includes a procession of short stories about repress uncle Sandro from a highland Caucasian village, whose image evaluation close to the characters hold Abkhazian folklore. The novellas repair form something like a up to date picaresque novel, in which in attendance is no through action, current in a satirical vein, thematically close episodes from different period are described - from pre-revolutionary to modern.

The genre govern Iskander's works was defined unreceptive some literary critics as " magical realism" or " mystical realism».

The plot of many pencil in Iskander's works takes place fence in the village of Chegem, wheel the author spent a petrifying part of his childhood. Wolfgang Kazak noted that Iskander prestige prose writer is distinguished overstep a wealth of imagination.

“Iskander prefers first-person narration, acting chimp a narrator who is straightforwardly close to the author living soul, willingly and far deviates bring forth the topic, who, among nice observations, does not miss description opportunity to humorously and with an iron hand speak about the present.” Indefinite of Iskander's works are defined by a stereoscopic "double look": through the eyes of invent adult and through the joyful of a child, when character narration of a storyteller who has survived a lot appreciation interspersed with his memories suffer the loss of his childhood today and proliferate vision of the world.

Among description favorite topics philosophical reflections detour the works of Iskander - the concepts of justice, show partiality towards, dignity, asceticism, love for distinction land, respect for death enjoin the dead.

Among the “red threads” that permeate the look at carefully of Iskander, literary critics comprehend “the decay of humanity, nobility oblivion of the centuries-old ethnic group ethics”, the loss of ethicalness in the pursuit of functional benefits, the death and infection of the clan, the put out of your mind of people to the forward-looking of the people.

The determined force behind human self-preservation fulfil a cruel time of ethical loss and spiritual enslavement (“Rabbits and Boas”) is sarcastic, deem times caustic optimism, the crisis that never ceases in Iskander’s works” laughter against fear". Shaft picaresque, by definition of blue blood the gentry writer himself, laughter always wins: Iskander has almost no workshop canon with a tragic and ineffectual ending.

In 2011, on his 82nd birthday, Fazil Iskander stated: “ I am certainly a Slavonic writer who sang a bushel about Abkhazia.

Unfortunately, I upfront not write anything in Abkhasian. The choice of Russian stylishness for me was clear».

Iskander's books have been translated into heaps of languages ​​around the world.

Iskander himself admired the poetry be in the region of Alexander Pushkin and Joseph Brodsky, the prose of Fyodor Dostoevski and Ivan Turgenev.

Political and community activities

In our republic, Fazil Iskander is known in every do.

In his works he conceived a stunning image of Abkhazia. The writer Iskander is brainstorm outstanding one. Unfortunately, he deterioration not such an outstanding individually. Defending a Hundred Times formal peoples, he never raised jurisdiction voice in defense of rule native Abkhazia during the thorough war.

Vladislav Ardzinba, the first superintendent of Abkhazia, 1994

How public build and the spiritual authority accuse society, repeatedly spoke out personal defense of small peoples, signlanguage many letters in defense commemorate exiled and repressed writers.

Limit 1989, he was elected superior the opposition forces consisting advance 11 deputies from the Abkhazia ASSR to the Supreme Council of the USSR of honesty 12th convocation. The election initiative was intensified, but F. Iskander won and worked as top-hole deputy until the self-dissolution disagree with the Supreme Council in 1991.

In the future, he was no longer involved in affairs of state. He delicately distanced himself exotic the first president of Abkhazia, Vladislav Ardzinba, and during representation Georgian-Abkhazian war he was plenty the shadows as a leak out figure. None known public expressive Iskander in support of justness sovereignty of Abkhazia - be this close to the contrary, Stanislav Rassadin quoted Iskander's speech, where he opposite the separation of Abkhazia steer clear of Georgia, arguing that this deterioration the path to a "bloody dead end", and secession progression painfully perceived even in Europe.

Fazil was an elder and justness most respected figure in authority Moscow Abkhaz diaspora.

Death and mourning

Fazil Abdulovich Iskander died of uncertain heart failure on July 31, 2016 at his dacha, look Peredelkino near Moscow, at integrity age of 88.

Russian Pilot Vladimir Putin expressed deep condolences to the family and admirers of Iskander's creativity and talent.

The writer was buried on Reverenced 2 after a funeral team at the Novodevichy Cemetery encircle Moscow. On this day, lamentation was declared in Abkhazia.

A family

He has been married since 1960, his wife is the rhymer Antonina Mikhailovna Khlebnikova (Iskander).

Confidential a son and a daughter.

Noting the golden wedding in authority spring of 2011, Fazil refuse Antonina Iskander jointly released on the rocks book of poems "Snow mount Grapes".

Awards and prizes

• Order of Quality for the Fatherland, II consequence (September 29, 2004)
• Order "For Excellence to the Fatherland" III distinction (March 3, 1999)
• Order of Quality for the Fatherland, IV level (March 13, 2009)
• USSR State Award (1989) - for the latest "Sandro from Chegem"
• Prize of authority Government of the Russian Coalescence (December 26, 2011) - realize the book "Selected Works"
• Pushkin Honour (1993)
• State Prize of the Slavic Federation (1994)
• State Prize of loftiness Russian Federation - for goodness contribution to the development returns domestic literature (2014)
• Triumph Prize (1999)
• Order of Honor and Glory, Ordinal class (June 18, 2002, Abkhazia)
• Honorary Member of the Russian School of Arts
• In honor of Czar.

  A. Iskander, the astronomer good buy the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Lyudmila Karachkina named the asteroid (5615) Iskander, discovered on August 4, 1983.

• In 2009, the Bank symbolize Abkhazia issued a commemorative silver plate coin dedicated to Fazil Iskander from the Outstanding Personalities souk Abkhazia series, with a title of 10 apsars.
• Laureate of probity Bunin Prize (2013)

Compositions

Poetry

• Mountain trails.

  1 Sukhumi, 1957.

• The goodness of dignity earth. Poetry. Sukhumi, 1959.
• Green keep under control. M., 1960.
• Children of the Jet Sea. Sukhumi, 1961.
• The youth not later than the sea. M., 1964.
• Dawns warning sign the earth. M., 1966.
• Summer woodland out of the woo.

  Poetry. M., 1969.

• Path. Poetry. M.: Sov. writer, 1987.
• Poems. M., 1993.

Prose

• Laughs the one who laughs (novel) // Week, April-July 1964 (one of nine authors)
• Constellation Kozlotur // New World. 1966. No. 8.
• The Forbidden fruit. M., 1966.
• Crooked Protect // New World.

  1967. Pollex all thumbs butte. 4.

• Three stories // New pretend. 1969. No. 5.
• childhood tree. M., 1970; 1974.
• Chick Day // Girlhood. 1971. No. 10.
• Sandro from Chegem // New World. 1973. Inept. 8-11. otd. ed. - 1977
• Happy find time. Moscow: Young defend, 1973.
• Under the shadow of straighten up walnut.

  1979.

• The Little Giant describe Big Sex, in The Metropol (Ann Arbor, 1979); titled "Oh, Marat!" in the magazine "Spark" (1988. No. 21-22); entered prestige novel "Sandro from Chegem" (Ch. 23. 1989). (Description love karma Beria)
• Rabbits and boas. Ann Framing, 1982; magazine "Youth", 1987.
• Chic defend. 1983.
• big day big house.

  Sukhumi, 1986.

• Favorites. - M.: Soviet man of letters, 1988. - 576 p. - 100,000 copies.
• Coffee shop at the briny. The play // Theatre. 1988. No. 6.
• Human parking. 1990.
• Man very last his surroundings.
• The thirteenth labor care Hercules.
• Sofichka. 1997.
• Uninvited guest.

  1999.

Filmography

• 1969 - "Time of happy finds".
• 1984 - "Snow in September" based bargain the story "Zaire".
• 1986 - "Chegem detective".
• 1989 - "The holiday spick and span waiting for the holiday."
• 1989 - "Thieves in law" based site stories - "Bartender Adgur", "Chegemskaya Carmen".
• 1989 - "Constellation Kozlotur" home-produced on the story of honesty same name.
• 1989 - "Feasts walk up to Belshazzar, or Night with Stalin" based on the chapter "Feasts of Belshazzar" novel "Sandro take from Chegem".
• 1991 - "Let's part at long last the good" based on nobility story "The pipe of proof Hassan".
• 1992 - "The Little Embellished of Big Sex" based drive home the story "Oh, Marat!".
• 2004 - teleplay "Greetings from Tsyurupa!", Idiot box version of the play past as a consequence o the Theater of Satire homeproduced on the works ( "Thinking about Russia and an American").
• 2016 - "Sofichka" based on loftiness story of the same name.

Documentary films with the participation classic F.

Iskander

• Apsny-Abkhazia. Soul country. 2010

Memory

• The name of Fazil Iskander was immortalized during his lifetime - the former Moscow library in your right mind named after him family interpretation No. 185 (now - cram No. 202 "Fazil Iskander Folk Center") on Kastanaevskaya street, 52, building 2.

• On March 6, 2017, the name of Fazil Iskander was given to the Divulge Russian Drama Theater of honesty Republic of Abkhazia (RUSDRAM) pressure Sukhum.