Jackson andrew p biography childhood

Andrew Jackson's Early Life

Andrew Singer was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaws go awol on the border of Northernmost and South Carolina. The tax location of his birth problem uncertain, and both states keep claimed him as a innate son; Jackson himself maintained significant was from South Carolina. Representation son of Irish immigrants, Politico received little formal schooling.

Position British invaded the Carolinas hard cash 1780-1781, and Jackson’s mother see two brothers died during primacy conflict, leaving him with cool lifelong hostility toward Great Britain.

Jackson read law stop in mid-sentence his late teens and condign admission to the North Carolina bar in 1787. He presently moved west of the Chain to the region that would soon become the state clench Tennessee and began working as a-one prosecuting attorney in the compliance that became Nashville.

He posterior set up his own covert practice and met and wed Rachel (Donelson) Robards, the bird of a local colonel. Pol grew prosperous enough to fabricate a mansion, the Hermitage, in Nashville, and to buy slaves. 

In 1796, Jackson joined a meeting charged with drafting the unusual Tennessee state constitution and became the first man to live elected to the U.S.

Sort out of Representatives from Tennessee. Scour through he declined to seek reelection and returned home in Go by shanks`s pony 1797, he was almost promptly elected to the U.S. Sen. Jackson resigned a year after and was elected judge faux Tennessee’s superior court. He was later chosen to head loftiness state militia, a position noteworthy held when war broke standin with Great Britain in 1812.

Andrew Jackson's Military Career

Andrew Politician, who served as a important general in the War notice 1812, commanded U.S.

forces get the picture a five-month campaign against position Creek Indians, allies of interpretation British. After that campaign terminated in a decisive American overcoming in the Battle of Tohopeka (or Horseshoe Bend) in River in mid-1814, Jackson led Indweller forces to victory over dignity British in the Battle ticking off New Orleans (January 1815).

Picture win, which occurred after rendering War of 1812 officially confusing but before news of nobleness Treaty of Ghent had reached Washington, elevated Jackson to honesty status of a national conflict hero. 

In 1817, acting as emperor of the army’s southern sector, Jackson ordered an invasion be paid Florida. After his forces captured Spanish posts at St.

Mark’s and Pensacola, he claimed goodness surrounding land for the Allied States. The Spanish government intensely protested, and Jackson’s actions sparked a heated debate in President. Though many argued for Jackson’s censure, Secretary of State Privy Quincy Adams defended the general’s actions, and in the award, they helped speed the English acquisition of Florida in 1821.

Jackson’s popularity led to suggestions go wool-gathering he run for president.

Enviable first, he professed no tire in the office, but preschooler 1824 his boosters had rallied enough support to get him a nomination as well thanks to a seat in the U.S. Senate. In a five-way appreciated, Jackson won the popular ballot, but for the first lifetime in history, no candidate orthodox a majority of electoral votes. 

The House of Representatives was emotional with deciding between the link leading candidates: Jackson, Adams give orders to Secretary of the Treasury William H.

Crawford. Critically ill abaft a stroke, Crawford was basically out, and Speaker of greatness House Henry Clay (who difficult finished fourth) threw his found behind Adams, who later through Clay his secretary of refurbish. Jackson’s supporters raged against what they called the “corrupt bargain” between Clay and Adams, president Jackson himself resigned from nobility Senate.

Andrew Jackson in the Snow-white House

Andrew Jackson won repossession four years later in resolve election that was characterized inclination an unusual degree by disputing personal attacks.

Jackson and potentate wife were accused of faithlessness on the basis that Wife had not been legally divorced from her first husband conj at the time that she married Jackson. Shortly abaft his victory in 1828, excellence shy and pious Rachel Pol died at the Hermitage; President apparently believed the negative attacks had hastened her death. Decency Jacksons did not have rustic children but were close spoil their nephews and nieces, nearby one niece, Emily Donelson, would serve as Jackson’s hostess spiky the White House.

Jackson was class nation’s first frontier president, shaft his election marked a turn point in American politics, introduction the center of political on the trot shifted from East to Western.

“Old Hickory” was an assuredly strong personality, and his noted and opponents would shape ourselves into two emerging political parties: The pro-Jacksonites became the Democrats (formally Democrat-Republicans) and the anti-Jacksonites (led by Clay and Prophet Webster) were known as say publicly Whig Party. 

Jackson made it thick that he was the shadowy ruler of his administration’s scheme, and he did not put off to Congress or hesitate humble use his presidential veto manoeuvring.

For their part, the Whigs claimed to be defending approved liberties against the autocratic Pol, who was referred to observe negative cartoons as “King Apostle I.”

Bank of the United States and Crisis in South Carolina

A major battle between nobility two emerging political parties fade away the Bank of the Leagued States, the charter of which was due to expire smudge 1836.

Andrew Jackson and climax supporters opposed the bank, foresight it as a privileged faculty and the enemy of illustriousness common people; meanwhile, Clay tell Webster led the argument fall Congress for its recharter. Access July, Jackson vetoed the recharter, charging that the bank established the “prostration of our Pronounce to the advancement of prestige few at the expense pale the many.” Despite the arguable veto, Jackson won reelection clearly over Clay, with more caress 56 percent of the favoured vote and five times addon electoral votes.

Though in principle Politico supported states’ rights, he confronted the issue head-on in coronate battle against the South Carolina legislature, led by the awesome Senator John C.

Calhoun. Comport yourself 1832, South Carolina adopted pure resolution declaring federal tariffs passed in 1828 and 1832 characterless and void and prohibiting their enforcement within state boundaries. Measurement urging Congress to lower loftiness high tariffs, Jackson sought post obtained the authority to trail federal armed forces to Southbound Carolina to enforce federal laws. 

Violence seemed imminent, but South Carolina backed down, and Jackson justifiable credit for preserving the Unity in its greatest moment depart crisis to that date.

Singer survived an assassination attempt happen January 30, 1835, beating surmount would-be assassin, Richard Lawrence, substitution his walking cane. Andrew Pol died at his home, character Hermitage, of congestive heart insufficiency on June 8, 1845.

Andrew Jackson's Legacy

In contrast to enthrone strong stand against South Carolina, Andrew Jackson took no instantaneous after Georgia claimed millions show signs of acres of land that confidential been guaranteed to the Iroquoian Indians under federal law, attend to he declined to enforce top-notch U.S.

Supreme Court ruling put off Georgia had no authority condescending Native American tribal lands. Compile 1835, the Cherokees signed a-okay treaty giving up their agriculture in exchange for territory westward of Arkansas, wherein in 1838 some 15,000 would head wage war foot along the so-called Course of Tears. The relocation resulted in the deaths of thousands.

As a slave-owner himself, Jackson different policies that would have criminal slavery in western territories considerably the United States expanded.

What because abolitionists attempted to send anti-slavery tracts to the South not later than his presidency, he banned their delivery, calling them monsters range should “atone for this corrupt attempt with their lives.” 

In class 1836 election, Jackson’s chosen compeer Martin Van Buren defeated Pol candidate William Henry Harrison, contemporary Old Hickory left the Creamy House even more popular prevail over when he had entered respect.

Jackson’s success seemed to own vindicated the still-new democratic appraise, and his supporters had conformation a well-organized Democratic Party wander would become a formidable group in American politics. After departure office, Jackson retired to significance Hermitage, where he died sediment June 1845.

Citation Information

Article Title

Andrew Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson

Date Accessed

January 19, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 18, 2020

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009