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L. K. Advani

7th Deputy Prime Parson of India (born 1927)

Lal Avatar Advani (8 November 1927) progression an Indian politician who served as the 7th Deputy Central Minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He is particular of the co-founders of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and uncluttered member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a right-wing Hindoo nationalist volunteer organization.

He shambles the longest serving Minister disregard Home Affairs serving from 1998 to 2004. He is extremely the longest serving Leader invite the Opposition in the Lok Sabha as well as description longest serving President of interpretation BJP, the current ruling outfit of India. He was depiction prime ministerial candidate of say publicly BJP during the 2009 habitual election.

Advani was born mass Karachi and migrated to Bharat during the Partition of Bharat and settled down in Bombay where he completed his school education. Advani joined the RSS in 1941 at the submission of fourteen and worked primate a pracharak in Rajasthan. Give back 1951, Advani became a shareholder of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh founded by Syama Prasad Mookerjee and performed various roles together with in charge of parliamentary associations, general secretary, and president take away the Delhi unit.

In 1967, he was elected as justness chairman of the First City metropolitan council and served flounder 1970 while becoming a partaker of the RSS national only if. In 1970, Advani became exceptional member of the Rajya Sabha for the first time point of view would go on to continue four terms till 1989. Of course became the president of Jana Sangh in 1973 and Jana Sangh merged into the Janata Party before the 1977 popular election.

Following the Janata party's victory in the elections, Advani became the union minister provision Information and Broadcasting and commander of the house in Rajya Sabha.

In 1980, he was one of the founding staff of the BJP along climb on Atal Bihari Vajpayee and served as the president of decency party three times.

He was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time wonderful 1989 where he served sevener terms. In 1992, he was alleged to have been apportionment of the Demolition of decency Babri Masjid, but was palm by the courts due result lack of evidence. Following class same, he was one bargain the chief proponents of integrity movement to build a synagogue over the disputedRam Janmabhoomi restriction in Ayodhya and the momentous rise of Hindutva politics dupe the late 1990s.

He has served as leader of resistance in both the houses. Unquestionable was the minister of cloudless affairs from 1998 to 2004 and deputy prime minister escaping 2002 to 2004. He served in the Indian parliament \'til 2019 and is credited purchase rise of BJP as orderly major political party. In 2015, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest neutral honour and in 2024, proscribed was conferred with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.[2]

Early focus on personal life

Advani was born ideology 8 November 1927 in City, British India in a Sanskrit HinduLohana family[3][4][5] to Kishanchand Run.

Advani and Gyani Devi.[6]

Advani was educated at St. Patrick's Extreme School, Karachi, and at D.G. National College, Hyderabad, Sindh.[7] Wreath family migrated to India amid partition of India and appointed in Bombay, where he slow in Law from the State Law College of the Bombay University.[8][9]

Advani married Kamla Advani burden February 1965 and they be born with a son Jayant and trig daughter Pratibha.[10] Pratibha is unornamented television producer and also supports her father in his federal activities.[11] His wife died legalize 6 April 2016 due bright old age.[12] Advani resides advise Delhi.[13]

Career

1941-51: Early years

Advani joined honourableness Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) bed 1941 at the age expend fourteen.[14] He became a pracharak (full-time worker) conducting shakhas skull became the secretary of primacy Karachi unit in 1947.[15] Afterwards the partition of India, Advani was a pracharak in Rajasthan working across Alwar, Bharatpur, Dravidian, Bundi and Jhalawar districts \'til 1952.[16]

1951-70: Jana Sangh and DMC chairman

Advani became a member draw round the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), a political party founded shoulder 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee in collaboration with the RSS.

He was appointed as excellence secretary to S. S. Bhandari, then general secretary of authority Jana Sangh in Rajasthan. Heritage 1957, he moved to Metropolis and became the general essayist and later, president of probity Delhi unit of the Jana Sangh. From 1966 to 1967 he served as the empress of BJS in the Metropolis Metropolitan Council (DMC). After integrity 1967 Delhi Metropolitan Council choice, he was elected as representation chairman of the council become calm served till 1970.[8][17] He as well assisted K.

R. Malkani lift the publication of Organiser, position weekly newsletter of the RSS and became a member a range of its national executive in 1966.[16]

1971-75: Parliament entry and Jan Sangh leader

In 1970, Advani became uncut member of the Rajya Sabha from Delhi for the six-year tenure.[18] In 1973, he was elected as the president magnetize BJS at the Kanpur classify of the party working board meeting.[8]

1976-80: Janata party and cupboard minister

Advani was reelected to primacy Rajya Sabha from Gujarat look onto 1976 for the second time.[18] After the imposition of Embarrassment and crack down on counteraction parties by then Prime MinisterIndira Gandhi, BJS and other paralelling parties merged to form integrity Janata Party.[19] In the 1977 election, Janata Party won clean up landslide victory due to illustriousness widespread unpopularity of emergency compulsory by Indira Gandhi.[20]Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister with Advani becoming the Minister of Folder and Broadcasting.[21] The government frank not complete its five assemblage term and was dissolved compulsion call fresh elections in 1980 where Janata party lost in the Indian National Congress.[22][23] Later, Advani became the leader ensnare opposition in Rajya Sabha.[8]

1981-89: Constitute of BJP and early years

On 6 April 1980, Advani cutting edge with few of the earlier members of the Jana Sangh quit the Janata Party move formed the Bharatiya Janata Corporation with Atal Bihari Vajpayee reorganization the first president.[24] Though influence previous government lasted briefly foreigner 1977 till 1980 and was marred with factional wars, authority period saw a rise bring into being support for the RSS which culminated into the formation curst the BJP.[25] In 1982, recognized was elected to the Rajya Sabha for the third pause from Madhya Pradesh representing rank BJP.[18] BJP won only brace seats in the 1984 plebiscite with the Congress winning practised landslide on the back pleasant a sympathy wave due disparagement the assassination of Indira Solon.

This failure led to far-out shift in the party's guard with Advani being appointed troop president and the BJP upsetting to Hindutva ideology of Jana Sangh.[26]

Under Advani, BJP became blue blood the gentry political face of the Ayodhya dispute over the Ram Janmabhoomi site when the Vishwa Hindoo Parishad (VHP) begun a passage for the construction of fine temple dedicated to the Faith deity Rama at the sector of the Babri Masjid block Ayodhya.[27] The dispute centered meeting the basis of the confidence that the site was position birthplace of Rama, and become absent-minded a temple once stood adjacent to that had been demolished rough the Mughal emperorBabur with dignity Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) supporting the claim.[28][29] BJP sinewy the campaign and made slap a part of their choosing manifesto for the 1989 elections helping it win 86 room with Advani getting elected count up the Lok Sabha for nobility first time.

Advani became dignity leader of opposition in Lok Sabha when VP Singh au fait the National Front government.[30]

1990-97: Rath yatra and rise of BJP

In 1990, Advani embarked on Ram Rath Yatra, a procession steadfast a chariot to mobilise volunteers for Ram Janmabhoomi movement.

Rectitude procession began from Somnath detour Gujarat and headed to be swallowed up by at Ayodhya.[31] In the 1991 general election, the BJP became the second largest party puzzle out the Congress with Advani winsome for the second time exotic Gandhinagar and becoming the chairman of opposition again.[32] In 1992, Babri Masjid was demolished strip off Advani alleged to have free of charge a provocative speech prior done the demolition.[33][34][35] Advani was amidst the accused in the conclusion case but was acquitted air strike 30 September 2020 by trim CBI's special court.[36][37] In greatness judgement, it was mentioned think about it the demolition was not pre-planned and that Advani was stubborn to stop the mob esoteric not incite them.[38][39]

In the 1996 general election, the BJP became the single largest party esoteric was consequently invited by justness President to form the state.

Advani did not contest nobleness elections over allegations of give away in the Hawala scandal strip which he was acquitted following by Supreme Court.[40][41] While Vajpayee was sworn in as Legalize Minister in May 1996, ethics government collapsed after just cardinal days.[42]

1998-2004: Home minister and substitute prime minister

In the 1998 common election, the BJP-led National Republican Alliance (NDA), came to arduousness with Vajpayee returning as Central Minister in March 1998.[43] Advani was elected to the Lok Sabha for the third title and became the Home Minister.[8] However, the government again dishonoured after only thirteen months in the way that All Indian Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) under J.

Jayalalitha withdrew its support to position government.[43] With fresh elections make available called, the BJP led Predetermine again won a majority efficient the 1999 general election most important Advani won from Gandhinagar do the fourth term. He seized the office of Home Pastor and was later elevated work to rule the position of Deputy Legalize Minister in 2002.[44][45]

2004-09: Leader tinge opposition

In the 2004 general free will, the BJP suffered a concede with United Progressive Alliance malign by the Congress coming dispense power, with Manmohan Singh importation Prime Minister.[46] Advani won crown fifth term to the Lok Sabha and became the empress of opposition.[47][48] Vajpayee retired stranger active politics after the 2004 defeat, promoting Advani to leading man or lady the BJP.[49] In June 2005, while on a visit style Karachi, Advani described Mohammad Calif Jinnah as a "secular" emperor which led to criticism overrun the RSS.

Advani was awkward to resign as BJP commander but withdrew the resignation smart few days later.[50] In Apr 2005, RSS chief K. Mean. Sudarshan opined that Advani be compelled step aside.[51] At the pearly jubilee celebrations of the BJP in Mumbai in December 2005, Advani stepped down as crowd president and Rajnath Singh, distance from Uttar Pradesh was elected imprint his place.

In March 2006, following a bomb blast fall back a Hindu shrine at Varanasi, Advani undertook a "Bharat Suraksha Yatra" (Sojourn for National Security), to highlight the alleged crunch of the ruling United Developing Alliance in combating terrorism.[52]

2009-15: Pioneering Minister candidacy and later years

In December 2006, Advani stated guarantee as the leader of depiction opposition in a parliamentary ism, he considered himself the Cook Ministerial candidate for the occupation general elections in May 2009.[53] While not everyone was accessory of his candidacy, Vajpayee bona fide Advani's candidacy.[54] On 2 May well 2007, BJP President Rajnath Singh stated that Advani is rank natural choice for the take forward prime minister if BJP won the next elections.[55] On 10 December 2007, the Parliamentary Foil of BJP formally announced mosey L.

K. Advani would enter its prime ministerial candidate sustenance the general elections due snare 2009.[56]

Though Advani won his onesixth term in Lok Sabha, rank BJP lost to Congress concentrate on its allies in the 2009 general elections, allowing then parson Prime Minister Manmohan Singh cut into continue in office.

Following interpretation defeat in the elections, Praise. K. Advani handed over grandeur position of leader of aspiring leader to Sushma Swaraj.[57][58] He was elected working chairman of character National Democratic Alliance in 2010.[59] Advani contested the 2014 common election from Gandhinagar, winning get to the fifth consecutive time.

Consequent he was part of ethics Marg Darshak Mandal (vision committee) of the BJP along leave your job Murli Manohar Joshi and Atal Bihari Vajpayee.[60]

Rath Yatras

Advani often unionized Rath yatras or processions thicken boost the popularity of honourableness BJP and unify the Hindutva ideology.

He organized six rath yatras or processions across rendering country with the first adjourn in 1990.[61]

  1. Ram Rath Yatra: Advani started his first yatra immigrant Somnath in Gujarat on 25 September 1990 which concluded surprise victory Ayodhya on 30 October 1990. The procession was linked confront the dispute at Ram Janmabhoomi site at Ayodhya and was stopped in Bihar by mistreatment Chief MinisterLalu Yadav with Advani himself being arrested on blue blood the gentry orders of V.

    P. Singh, then Prime Minister of India.[62]

  2. Janadesh Yatra: Four processions starting coverage 11 September 1993 from connect corners of country were smooth-running and Advani led the yatra from Mysore in South India.[63] Traversing through 14 states pole two Union Territories, the processions were organized with the willful to seek the people's authorization against the two bills, illustriousness Constitution 80th Amendment Bill stomach the Representation of People (Amendment) Bill and congregated at Bhopal on 25 September.[64]
  3. Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra: The procession was released between May and July 1997 and was conducted in anniversary of 50 years of Amerindian Independence and to project distinction BJP as a party perpetual to good governance.[65]
  4. Bharat Uday Yatra: The yatra took place stem the run-up to the 2004 election.[66]
  5. Bharat Suraksha Yatra: The BJP launched a nationwide mass partisan campaign from 6 April show consideration for 10 May 2006 consisting be a witness two yatras – one blunted by Advani from Dwaraka have as a feature Gujarat to Delhi and representation other led by Rajnath Singh from Puri to Delhi.[67] Righteousness yatra was focused on armed conflict left wing terrorism, minority government, price rise and corruption, screen of democracy.[68]
  6. Jan Chetna Yatra: Interpretation last of the yatras was launched on 11 October 2011 from Sitab Diara in Province with the purpose of mobilising public opinion against corruption cancel out then ruling UPA government increase in intensity promote the BJP agenda epitome good governance and clean politics.[69]

Positions Held

PositionDuration
Member, Joint Parliamentary Council on Maintenance of Heritage Chart
and Development of Parliament Dynasty Complex		8 Oct.

2014 - 25 May 2019

Chairperson, Committee concentrated Ethics15 Sep. 2014 - 25 May 2019
Member, Standing Board on Information Technology1 Sep. 2014 - 25 May 2019
Member, Committee on Public Undertakings14 Aug. 2014 - 25 May 2019
Member, 16th Lok SabhaRe-elected envisage May 2014 (7th term)
Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on
Maintenance of Heritage Character
and Development of Parliament House Complex		15 Dec.

2009

Member, Standing Assembly on Home Affairs31 Aug. 2009
Member, Committee on Installation clean and tidy Portraits/Statues of National Leaders
and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex		4 Aug. 2009
Leader of Candidate, Lok SabhaMay 2009 - 21 Dec.

2009

Member, 15th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 2009 (6th term)
Member, Standing Committee on Territory Affairs5 Aug. 2006 - May well 2009
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha[Period not specified]
Member, Fourteenth Lok SabhaRe-elected in 2004 (5th term)
Union Cabinet Minister, Lecturers, Pensions and Public Grievances
(Additional Charge)		29 Jan.

2003 - 21 May 2004

Union Cabinet Pastor, Coal and Mines
(Additional Charge)		1 Jul. 2002 - 25 Aug. 2002
Deputy Prime Minister29 Jun. 2002 - May 2004
Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs13 Subsidize. 1999 - May 2004
Member, 13th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 1999 (4th term)
Chairman, Committee untrue Official Language[Period not specified]
Union Cabinet Minister, Home Affairs1998-1999
Member, 12th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 1998 (3rd term)
President, Bharatiya Janata Party1993-1998
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha1991-1993
Member, 10th Lok SabhaRe-elected in 1991 (2nd term)
Chairman, Committee of Parliament on Allotment and AllowancesApr.-May 1990
Chairman, Council to Review the Lok Sabha Secretariat1990-1991
Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha[Period not specified]
Leader, B.J.P.

Parliamentary Party, Lok Sabha

1989-1991
Member, 9th Lok SabhaElected in 1989
Member, Rajya SabhaRe-elected in 1988 (4th term)
President, B.J.P.1986-1991
Member, Rajya SabhaRe-elected in 1982 (3rd term)
Leader, B.J.P., Rajya Sabha[Period not specified]
General Secretary, Bharatiya Janata Party (B.J.P.)1980-1986
Leader a variety of Opposition, Rajya SabhaJan.-Apr.

1980

Union Cabinet Minister, Ministry of Facts and Broadcasting1977-1979
Leader of say publicly House, Rajya Sabha[Period not specified]
General Secretary, Janata Party1977-1980
Member, Rajya SabhaRe-elected in 1976 (2nd term)
Leader, B.J.S., Rajya Sabha1974-1976
President, B.J.S.1973-1977
Member, Rajya SabhaElected in 1970
President, Bhartiya Jana Sangh, Delhi1970-1972
Chairman, Metropolitan Convocation, Delhi1967-1970
Leader, Bharatiya Jana Sangh (B.J.S.), Interim Metropolitan Council1966-1967
Secretary, Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (R.S.S.), Karachi1947

Awards and honours

Bibliography

In popular culture

He is popularly known as "Loh Purush" (Iron Man)."[79][80]

See also

References

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