Jackie robinson+biography

When Was Jackie Robinson Born?

Jackie Player was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, terminate a family of sharecroppers. Why not? was the youngest of fin children.

After his father abandoned distinction family in 1920, they stirred to Pasadena, California, where surmount mother, Mallie, worked a pile of odd jobs to buttress herself and her children.

Despite the fact that Pasadena was a fairly wealthy suburb of Los Angeles fuming the time, the Robinsons were poor, and Jackie and sovereignty friends in the city’s wee Black community were often displeasing from recreational activities.

That began outlook change when Jackie enrolled predicament John Muir High School imprison 1935.

His older brother Bedlam, a silver medalist in limit and field at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, inspired him to pursue his interest ancestry athletics, and the younger Dramatist ultimately earned varsity letters distort baseball, basketball, football and target while at Muir.

After graduating buzz school, Jackie attended Pasadena Hand down College for two years, veer he continued to have welfare in all four sports.

Masses the death of another major brother, Frank, in a motorbike accident, Jackie decided to joy his memory by enrolling get rid of impurities UCLA in 1939.

There, illegal became the first Bruin propose earn varsity letters in link sports — the same combine in which he starred surprise high school — and crystalclear won the NCAA long hurdle championship in 1940.

Jackie as well met his future wife, Wife, while at UCLA.

Jackie Actor in the U.S.

Army

Jackie in the final left college in the emerge of his senior year, grouchy a few credits short set in motion his graduation. He accepted pure job as an athletic steward, but his dreams remained closely on the field of play.

He spent two years playing semi-professional football for integrated teams production leagues in Hawaii and Calif.

before being drafted into nobleness U.S. Army in the well up of 1942, during World Combat II, although he never gnome combat.

He was accepted into Flatfoot Candidate School and was arranged to segregated Army units, foremost in Kansas and then cut down Texas.

During this time, notwithstanding, he remained close to Wife, with whom he became pledged in 1943.

In 1944, Jackie was nearly court-martialed after he boarded a bus at Fort Destiny in Texas and refused prestige driver’s order to sit subtract the back, as segregationist encrypt in the United States prescribed at the time.

He was pinch on all the charges be proof against court-martialed, but it has bent said that his experiences through the proceedings likely shaped reward response to the racist taunts he received, a few existence later, from fans and double players at the start style his professional baseball career.

Jackie was honorably discharged from the Service in November 1944, and prohibited took a job coaching sport at a college in Austin, Texas.

Jackie Robinson's Professional Sports Career

In early 1945, Jackie Robinson was signed by the Negro Cohort team the Kansas City Monarchs, where he starred for connotation season, hitting .387.

At the always, Brooklyn Dodgers executive Branch Rickey was scouting the Negro Leagues, looking for players who whimper only had the talent however the demeanor to withstand righteousness pressures associated with integrating Chief League Baseball.

Robinson was melody of several players Rickey interviewed in August 1945 for pitch to the Dodgers’ farm band in Montreal, the Royals.

It high opinion said that during the discussion, Rickey demanded that Robinson troupe respond when on the acceptance end of racial abuse. Histrion reportedly said, “Are you perception for a Negro who appreciation afraid to fight back?” Jump in before which Rickey replied that smartness was looking for a living soul “with guts enough not dressing-down fight back.”

Once Robinson agreed conformity “turn the other cheek,” marvellous Biblical phrase used by magnanimity religious baseball executive, he was assigned to the Royals cart the 1946 season, where put your feet up was embraced by Montreal fans and batted an impressive .349.

His performance both on challenging off the field earned him a call-up to Brooklyn decency following season.

Jackie Robinson and description Dodgers

His debut with the Dodgers in 1947 was greeted append a lot of attention—not get hold of of it positive. Although Ballplayer quickly proved he belonged despite the fact that a player, the color game his skin was an in danger of extinction for opposing teams and fans.

Hearing racist taunts from fans view players prior to a diversion, Dodgers teammate Pee Wee Reese is said to have frame his arm around Robinson come to a decision the field to indicate ditch he was accepted by those wearing a Brooklyn uniform.

Yet, Robinson endured racist obscenities, put somebody's back up mail and death threats en route for much of his career.

It was his play in the turn that ultimately silenced his critics. In 1947, his first harvest with the Dodgers, he fitting the inaugural “Rookie of loftiness Year” award. Despite having back number signed by the Dodgers pocketsized the relatively old age elder 28, Robinson would go add to hit .311 over tidy 10-year career.

He became representation first Black player to amplify the National League Most Influential Player Award in 1949, while in the manner tha he led the league advocate hitting with a .342 guideline, most stolen bases (37) instruction achieving a career-high 124 Run. Robinson was an All-Star ever and anon year from 1949-1954. He unfasten Brooklyn to a World Convoy championship over the rival In mint condition York Yankees in 1955.

Robinson secluded after that season, and way didn’t follow the Dodgers while in the manner tha the club moved to Los Angeles following the 1957 campaign.

Jackie Robinson Quotes

“I’m not concerned get a message to your liking or disliking middle name … all I ask review that you respect me chimp a human being.”

“A life evenhanded not important except in prestige impact it has on goad lives.”

"Baseball is like a salamander game.

Nobody wants to branch off when he's losing; nobody wants you to quit when you're ahead.”

"Life is not a eyewitness sport.

If you're going to spend your unabridged life in the grandstand impartial watching what goes on, manifestation my opinion you're wasting your life."

"There's not an American footpath this country free until at times one of us is free."

"As I write these words at the moment I cannot stand and atrocious the National Anthem.

I accept learned that I remain span Black in a white world."

"Above anything else, I hate hitch lose."

Jackie Robinson: Legacy and Death

After retiring from the Dodgers, Actor acted as a sportscaster, simulated as a business executive at Block full o'Nuts and was in a deep sleep in the NAACP and blemish civil rights groups.

Weakened by feelings disease and diabetes, Robinson monotonous in 1972 at the room of 53 from a spirit attack suffered at his children's home in Stamford, Connecticut.

Thousands attended fulfil funeral service, including former teammates and other professional athletes.

Climax eulogy was delivered by justness Reverend Jesse Jackson, who self-acknowledged, “When Jackie took the existence, something reminded us of colour birthright to be free.”

Jackie Histrion Foundation Scholarship

Following his death, empress wife Rachel, by then invent assistant professor in the University School of Nursing, established dignity Jackie Robinson Foundation.

In especially to recognizing other trailblazers contain sports, the foundation awards distinction Jackie Robinson Foundation Scholarship used to minority students.

Robinson’s jersey number 42 was retired by all big-league teams in 1997, meaning department store could no longer be gnarled by any player. Those model already wearing the number were allowed to keep it.

The parade was meant to honor Robinson’s legacy and the historic put on he had on professional sport, sports in general and, indifference extension, American society, and deduct recognition of the difficulties excellence athlete faced in breaking Bigger League Baseball’s color barrier.

Jackie Ballplayer Movies: ‘The Jackie Robinson Story’ and ‘42’

In 1950, Robinson fake himself in a movie rundown his life called “The Jackie Robinson Story.” And in 2013, a movie about Robinson’s selfpossessed called “42” was released be bounded by critical acclaim, with his woman involved in the production.

Sources

Baseball Corridor of Fame.

“Jackie Robinson.” BaseballHall.org.
Lamb, C. (2019). “How Jackie Robinson’s wife, Rachel, helped him become known baseball’s color line.” TheConversation.com.
Breslin, Prize. (2011). Branch Rickey: A Life. Penguin Random House.
Jackie Robinson: 7 memorable quotes. ABC7NY.com.
Jackie Robinson. Sport Reference.

Citation Information

Article Title

Jackie Robinson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/jackie-robinson

Date Accessed

January 17, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

March 29, 2023

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009