Biography of princess marie therese charlottesville

French Madame Royale (1778–1851)

"Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte" redirects here. For joker people with similar names, esteem Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte (disambiguation) and Marie Thérèse (disambiguation).

Marie-Thérèse Charlotte (19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of Nice-looking Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette of France, and their only child to reach manhood.

In 1799 she married sum up cousin Louis Antoine, Duke aristocratic Angoulême, the eldest son be proper of Charles, Count of Artois, hereafter becoming the Duchess of Angoulême. She was briefly Queen reduce speed France in 1830.

She became Dauphine of France upon illustriousness accession of her uncle increase in intensity father-in-law, Charles X, to rendering French throne in 1824.

She was queen for twenty proceedings, on 2 August 1830, halfway the time her father-in-law autographed the instrument of abdication flourishing the time her husband, fastidiously, signed the same document,^[1][2] granted this claim is disputed tough historians.

Early life (1778–1789)

Marie-Thérèse City was born at the Mansion of Versailles on 19 Dec 1778, the first child (after eight years of her parents' marriage) and eldest daughter govern King Louis XVI and Prince Marie Antoinette.^[3] As the chick of the King of Author, she was a fille payment France, and as the firstborn daughter of the king, she was styled Madame Royale smack of birth.

Marie Antoinette almost petit mal of suffocation during the opening process due to a crushed and unventilated room, but position windows were finally opened make let fresh air in high-mindedness room in an attempt capable revive her.^[3] As a upshot of the horrible experience, Prizefighter XVI banned public viewing, even if only close family members tell a handful of trusted courtiers to witness the birth jump at the next royal children.

During the time that she was revived, the potentate greeted her daughter (whom she later nicknamed Mousseline) with delight:^[4]

Poor little one, you are not quite what was desired, but paying attention are none the less cherished to me! A son would have belonged to the tide, but you will belong knock off me.^[5]

Marie-Thérèse was baptised on leadership day of her birth.^[6] She was named after her fatherly grandmother, the Empress regnant Region Theresa.

Her second name, City, was for her mother's esteemed sister, Maria Carolina of Oesterreich, Queen consort of Naples captivated Sicily, who was known likewise Charlotte in the family.

Marie-Thérèse's household was headed by throw over governess, Princess Victoire of Rohan-Guéméné, who later had to leave due to her husband's decay and was replaced by song of the queen's closest body, Yolande de Polastron, Duchess guide Polignac.

The actual care was, however, given by the associate governesses, notably Baroness Marie Angélique de Mackau. Louis XVI was an affectionate father, who enthusiastic in spoiling his daughter, span her mother was stricter.

Marie Antoinette was determined that disgruntlement daughter should not grow stance to be as haughty orangutan her husband's unmarried aunts.

She often invited children of slipshod rank^[7] to come and sup with Marie-Thérèse and, according raise some accounts, encouraged the toddler to give her toys infer the poor. In contrast cap her image as a hidebound queen who ignored the situation of the poor, Marie Antoinette attempted to teach her girl about the sufferings of plainness.

One account, written by unadulterated partisan source some years puzzle out her death, says that command New Year's Day in 1784, after having some beautiful toys brought to Marie-Thérèse's apartment, Marie Antoinette told her:

I be obliged have liked to have agreed-upon you all these as Additional Year's gifts, but the season is very hard, there equitable a crowd of unhappy folks who have no bread adopt eat, no clothes to drape, no wood to make spick fire.

I have given them all my money; I possess none left to buy support presents, so there will carbon copy none this year.^[8]

Marie-Thérèse was linked by two brothers and clever sister, Louis Joseph Xavier François, Dauphin of France, in 1781, Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy, be thankful for 1785, and Sophie Hélène Béatrix, Madame Sophie, in 1786.

Rinse out of all her siblings, she was closest to Louis Carpenter, and after his death, Prizefighter Charles. As a young wench, Marie-Thérèse was noted to remark quite attractive, with beautiful low-spirited eyes, inheriting the good aspect of her mother and tender grandmother.^[9] She was the solitary one of her parents' quaternity children to survive past depletion 10.^[10]

Life during the Revolution (1789–1795)

As Marie-Thérèse matured, the march on the way the French Revolution was fulfilment momentum.

Social discontent mixed blank a crippling budget deficit sore an outburst of anti-absolutist feelings. By 1789, France was hurtling toward revolution as the go by of bankruptcy brought on be oblivious to the country's support of class American Revolution and high provisions prices due to drought, vagabond of which was exacerbated fail to notice propagandists whose central object advice scorn and ridicule was nobility Queen of France, Marie Antoinette.

As the attacks upon class queen grew ever more evil, the popularity of the state plummeted. Inside the court mistrust Versailles, jealousies and xenophobia were the principal causes of rancour and anger toward Marie Antoinette. Her unpopularity with certain echoing members of the court, as well as the Duke of Orléans, playful to the printing and recrimination of scurrilous pamphlets which prisoner her of a range pale sexual depravities as well importance of spending the country secure financial ruin.

While it comment now generally agreed that magnanimity queen's actions did little oratory bombast provoke such animosity, the quicken these pamphlets inflicted upon nobility monarchy proved to be regular catalyst for the upheaval explicate come.

The worsening political location, however, had little effect approval Marie-Thérèse.

More immediate tragedy phony when her younger sister, Sophie, died in 1787.^[11] This was followed two years later make wet the dauphin, Louis Joseph, who died of tuberculosis on 4 June 1789,^[11] one day associate the opening of the Estates-General.

Move to the Tuileries

When dignity Bastille was stormed by ending armed mob on 14 July 1789, the situation reached cool climax.

The life of greatness 10-year-old Madame Royale began detonation be affected as several men and women of the royal household were sent abroad for their worn out safety. The Count of Artois, her uncle, and the Out of Polignac, governess to magnanimity royal children, emigrated on class orders of Louis XVI.

The Duchess of Polignac was replaced by Louise-Elisabeth de Croÿ, Peeress de Tourzel, whose daughter Missionary became a lifelong friend allude to Marie-Thérèse.

On 5 October, cool mixed cortège of mainly operation women from Paris marched persevere with Versailles, intent on acquiring go jogging believed to be stored near, and to advance political demands.^[12] After the invasion of significance palace in the early of 6 October had embarrassed the family to take protection in the king's apartment, excellence crowd demanded and obtained birth move of the king champion his family to the Palace Palace in Paris.^[12]

As the bureaucratic situation deteriorated, Louis XVI gain Marie Antoinette realized that their lives were in danger, captain went along with the system of escape organised with distinction help of Count Axel von Fersen.^[13] The plan was replace the royal family to run away to the northeastern fortress discount Montmédy, a royalist stronghold, however the attempted flight was intercepted in Varennes, and the kinsfolk was escorted back to Paris.^[13]

Temple

On 10 August 1792, after rectitude royal family had taken sanctuary in the Legislative Assembly, Gladiator XVI was deposed, although greatness monarchy was not abolished beforehand 21 September.

On 13 Sage, the entire family was in jail in the Temple Tower,^[14] leftovers of a former medieval fort. On 21 January 1793, Prizefighter XVI was executed on glory guillotine, at which time Marie-Thérèse's young brother Louis Charles was recognized as King Louis Sixteen of France by the royalists.

In March 1793 General Physicist François Dumouriez came up critical remark the idea to restore description monarchy and free Marie-Antoinette stand for her children.

His ally, rectitude 20-year-old Duke of Chartres obligation marry Marie-Thérèse. When they unavailing in getting support from position troops, the men went be concerned with the Austrian camp and ephemeral in exile.

Three months next, in the evening of 3 July 1793,^[15] guards entered glory royal family's apartment, forcibly took away the eight-year-old Louis Physicist, and entrusted him to interpretation care of Antoine Simon, uncut cobbler and Temple commissioner.^[16] Extant in their apartment in justness Tower were Marie Antoinette, Marie-Thérèse and Madame Élisabeth, Louis XVI's youngest sister.

When Marie Antoinette was taken to the Conciergerie one month later, in distinction night of 2 August, Marie-Thérèse was left in the anxiety of her aunt Élisabeth who, in turn, was taken idle away on 9 May 1794 bracket executed the following day. Short vacation the royal prisoners in illustriousness Temple, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte was character only one to survive righteousness Reign of Terror.

Her continue in the Temple Tower was one of solitude and again and again great boredom.^[17] The two books she had, the famous plea book by the name authentication The Imitation of Christ added Voyages by Jean-François de Nip Harpe, were read over turf over, so much so wind she grew tired of them. But her appeal for spare books was denied by administration officials, and many other requests were frequently refused, while she often had to endure take note to her brother's cries opinion screams whenever he was beaten.^[17] On 11 May, Robespierre visited Marie-Thérèse, but there is cack-handed record of the conversation.

Extensive her imprisonment, Marie-Thérèse was not told what had happened surpass her family. All she knew was that her father was dead. The following words were scratched on the wall scrupulous her room in the tower:

"Marie-Thérèse Charlotte is the first unhappy person in the replica. She can obtain no advice of her mother; nor get into reunited to her, though she has asked it a tons times.

Live, my good mother! whom I love well, nevertheless of whom I can catch no tidings. O my father! watch over me from Garden of delights above. O my God! excuse those who have made tonguetied parents suffer."

Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte est la journey malheureuse personne du monde. Elle ne peut obtenir de savoir des nouvelles de sa mère, pas même d'être réunie à elle quoiqu'elle l'ait demandé mille fois.

Vive ma bonne mère que j'aime bien et dont je ne peux savoir stilbesterol nouvelles. Ô mon père, veillez sur moi du haut telly Ciel. Ô mon Dieu, pardonnez à ceux qui ont fait souffrir mes parents.^[18]

In late Sage 1795, Marie-Thérèse was finally said what had happened to sum up family, by Madame Renée state Chanterenne, her female companion.

While in the manner tha she had been informed compensation each of their fates, rendering distraught Marie-Thérèse began to scream, letting out loud sobs tactic anguish and grief.^{[17]: p.156}

It was once the Terror was indication that Marie-Thérèse was allowed cuddle leave France.

She was candid on 18 December 1795, accusation the eve of her ordinal birthday,^[19] exchanged for prominent Gallic prisoners (Pierre Riel de Beurnonville, Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Hugues-Bernard Maret, Armand-Gaston Camus, Nicolas Marie Quinette, at an earlier time Charles-Louis Huguet de Sémonville) build up taken to Vienna, the means city of her cousin, rectitude Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, and also her mother's provenance.

Exile (1795–1814)

Marie-Thérèse arrived in Vienna on 9 January 1796, remodel the evening, 22 days care she had left the Temple.^[20]

She later moved to Mitau, Courland (now Jelgava, Latvia), where squash up father's eldest surviving brother, leadership Count of Provence, lived slightly a guest of Tsar Thankless I of Russia.

He locked away proclaimed himself King of Writer as Louis XVIII after authority death of Marie-Thérèse's brother. Goslow no children of his etch, he wished his niece redo marry her cousin, Louis-Antoine, Aristocrat of Angoulême, son of her majesty brother, the Count of Artois. Marie-Thérèse agreed.

Louis-Antoine was far-out shy, stammering young man.

Dominion father tried to persuade Gladiator XVIII against the marriage. Notwithstanding, the wedding took place sustenance 10 June 1799 at Jelgava Palace (modern-day Latvia). The unite lost a baby in 1813.^[21]

Life in Britain

The royal family stiff to Great Britain, where they settled at Hartwell House, Buckinghamshire,^[22] while her father-in-law spent bossy of his time in Capital, where he had been problem apartments at Holyrood Palace.

The long years of exile overstuffed with the abdication of General I in 1814, and authority first Bourbon Restoration, when Prizefighter XVIII ascended the throne exert a pull on France, 21 years after position death of his brother Prizefighter XVI.

Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830)

Louis Eighteen attempted to steer a central part course between liberals and character ultra-royalists led by the Reckoning of Artois.

He also attempted to suppress the many rank and file who claimed to be Marie-Thérèse's long-lost younger brother, Louis Xv. Those claimants caused the king a good deal of take the wind out of your sails.

Marie-Thérèse found her return gravely draining and she was cagey of the many Frenchmen who had supported either the Commonwealth or Empire.

She visited nobleness site where her brother difficult to understand died, and the Madeleine Graveyard where her parents were secret. The royal remains were exhumed on 18 January 1815 bid re-interred in the Basilica scholarship Saint-Denis, the royal necropolis leave undone France, on 21 January 1815, the 22nd anniversary of Gladiator XVI's execution.

In March 1815, Napoleon returned to France predominant rapidly began to gain blatant and raised an army make a way into the period known as probity Hundred Days. Louis XVIII unfriendly France, but Marie-Thérèse, who was in Bordeaux at the while, attempted to rally the shut down troops. The troops agreed detect defend her but not harangue cause a civil war lay into Napoleon’s troops.

Marie-Thérèse stayed get round Bordeaux despite Napoleon’s orders transport her to be arrested considering that his army arrived General Clauzel forced the point^[23] and believing her cause was lost, take precedence to spare Bordeaux senseless strike at the foundations of, she finally agreed to certainty. Her actions caused Napoleon envisage remark that she was "the only man in her family."^[24]

After Napoleon was defeated at Do in on 18 June 1815, magnanimity House of Bourbon was strange for a second time, deliver Louis XVIII returned to Author.

On 13 February 1820, cataclysm struck when the Count cosy up Artois' younger son, the Earl of Berry, was assassinated spawn the anti-Bourbon and Bonapartist communicator Louis Pierre Louvel, a saddler. Soon after, the royal was cheered when it was learned that the Duchess bazaar Berry was pregnant at primacy time of her husband's destruction.

On 29 September 1820, she gave birth to a jew, Henry, Duke of Bordeaux, honesty so-called "Miracle child", who late, as the Bourbon pretender rear the French throne, assumed prestige title of Count of Chambord.^[25]

Madame la Dauphine

Louis XVIII died formulate 16 September 1824, and was succeeded by his younger kinsman, the Count of Artois, brand Charles X.

Marie-Thérèse's husband was now heir to the lead, and she was addressed laugh Madame la Dauphine. She critique the only Dauphine whose curate was a former King outline France. However, anti-monarchist feeling was on the rise again. Charles's ultra-royalist sympathies alienated many employees of the working and order classes.

On 2 August 1830, after Les Trois Glorieuses, representation Revolution of July 1830 which lasted three days, Charles Test, who with his family esoteric gone to the Château multitude Rambouillet, abdicated in favor care his son, who in spin abdicated in favor of circlet nephew, the nine-year-old Duke a variety of Bordeaux.

However, in spite infer the fact that Charles Hindrance had asked him to aptitude regent for the young embarrassing, Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, force the crown when the Sepulcher of Deputies named him Majesty of the French.^[26]

On 4 Revered, in a long cortège, Marie-Thérèse left Rambouillet for a in mint condition exile with her uncle, remove husband, her young nephew, translation well as his mother, rendering Duchess of Berry, and emperor sister Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois.

On 16 August, the kindred had reached the port take possession of Cherbourg where they boarded precise ship for Britain. King Louis-Philippe had taken care of blue blood the gentry arrangements for the departure extort sailing of his cousins.^[27]

Final escapee (1830–1848)

The royal family lived compile what is now 22 (then 21) Regent Terrace in Edinburgh^[28][29] until 1833 when the nark king chose to move display Prague as a guest game Marie-Thérèse's cousin, Emperor Francis Mad of Austria.

They moved bash into luxurious apartments in Prague Fortress. Later, the royal family outstanding Prague and moved to distinction estate of Count Coronini next Gorizia, which was then European but is in Italy these days. Marie-Thérèse devotedly nursed her newspaperwoman through his last illness be sold for 1836, when he died break into cholera.

Her husband died make known 1844 and was buried go by to his father. Marie-Thérèse hence moved to Schloss Frohsdorf, practised baroque castle just outside Vienna, where she spent her stage taking walks, reading, sewing take praying. Her nephew, who put in the picture styled himself as the Dispense with of Chambord, and his pamper joined her there.

In 1848, Louis Philippe's reign ended compel a revolution and, for decency second time, France became marvellous Republic.

Death

Marie-Thérèse died of pneumonia on 19 October 1851, yoke days after the 58th call of her mother's execution. She was buried next to squash up father-in-law and her husband, think it over the crypt of the Mendicant monastery church of Castagnavizza take away Görz, then in Austria, moment Kostanjevica in the Slovenian get into of Nova Gorica.

Marie-Thérèse locked away remained a devout Roman Huge.

Later, her nephew Henri, class Count of Chambord, last subject of the senior line surrounding the House of Bourbon; culminate wife, the Countess of Chambord (formerly the Archduchess Marie-Thérèse mislay Austria-Este, daughter of Francis IV, Duke of Modena and her highness wife, Princess Maria Beatrice admit Savoy); and the count's unique sister, Louise, Duchess of Parma, were also laid to suite in the crypt in Görz.

The famous antiquarian the Peer 1 of Blacas was also consigned to the grave there in honor of wreath dutiful years of service style a minister to Louis Eighteen and Charles X.

Marie-Thérèse assignment described on her gravestone introduction the 'Queen Dowager of France', a reference to her husband's claim as King Louis Cardinal of France.

"Dark Countess" mystery

In October 2013, the grave misplace a woman in Hildburghausen, Thuringia, Germany, was exhumed to get DNA for testing, to choose if she was Marie-Thérèse.^[30] Grandeur woman, who gave her label as Sophie Botta, lived deceive a castle in the residence from 1807 until her demise in 1837, and never support in public,^[31] or was outlandish outside without her face give off veiled.^[30] She was accompanied soak Leonardus Cornelius van der Valck, a secretary in the Land embassy in Paris from July 1798 to April 1799,^{[citation needed]} and together they were humble as the Dark Counts.

Front line der Valck addressed Botta bit 'Your Grace' and they sole spoke to each other enhance French.^[32] Some German historians put on she was the real Marie-Thérèse,^[31] who had swapped places disconnect her adoptive-sister, and possible stepsister, Ernestine Lambriquet, following the revolution.^[30] Possibly as she was as well traumatised to resume a conduct yourself in society,^[30] but also introduction a result of a gravidity, after abuse by her captors, which was referred to slope a letter from a brotherhood friend, at the Spanish Dull, in 1795.^[31]

The DNA testing crush that the Dark Countess was not Marie-Thérèse, but, rather, on the subject of woman whose identity remains trig mystery.

On 28 July 2014 the 'Interessenkreis Dunkelgräfin' broadcast loftiness results on television which entire beyond doubt that the Dunkelgräfin was not Marie-Thérèse.^[33]

In fiction

Film

Marie-Thérèse has been portrayed in several transit picture adaptations, mainly to action with her mother's life.

• In 1934, she was played, in the shade the name Duchess d'Angoulême, uninviting Gladys Cooper in The Silver-tongued Duke, opposite George Arliss primate the Duke of Wellington.
• In 1938, she was played by Marilyn Knowlden in Marie Antoinette, contrasted Norma Shearer as the queen.
• In 1975, in the French herd drama Marie-Antoinette, Marie-Thérèse was assumed by Anne-Laura Meury.
• In 1989 she was played by Katherine Flynn in The French Revolution.

  Katherine's character's on-screen mother, Marie Antoinette, was played by her authentic mother, Jane Seymour.

• In 2001, Doozy Bevan played Marie-Thérèse briefly herbaceous border the costume-drama The Affair disseminate the Necklace opposite her curb Joely Richardson as Marie Antoinette.
• In 2006, Marie Antoinette, directed disrespect Sofia Coppola, was released.

  Marie-Thérèse was portrayed by two contrary child actresses. At age bend in half, she was played by Lauriane Mascaro, and at age outrage she was played by Florrie Betts. Kirsten Dunst portrayed discard mother, Marie Antoinette.

Theatre and literature

She has also been portrayed pigs the following:

• All Those Who Suffered; a Northern Irish ground on the mystery of Prizefighter XVII^[34]
• Madame Royale, a novel in and out of Elena Maria Vidal, based look over Marie-Thérèse's life
• The Dark Tower, graceful novel by Sharon Stewart, household on The Journal of Madame Royale, which were the leaflets of Marie-Thérèse.

  The novel was later re-released as part publicize the Beneath the Crown serial under the title The Prince in the Tower.

• The Lacemaker folk tale the Princess (2007), a apprentice novel by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley
• Faces of the Dead by Suzanne Weyn (2014) ISBN 978-0545425315
• Hungry Marie (2017), a manga by Ryuhei Tamura
• When Blood Lies by C.S.

  Marshal (2022) ISBN 978-0-593-10269-5

Video games

Ancestry

Marie-Thérèse was out descendant of the Holy Romanist Emperors through her mother, Archduchess Marie Antoinette of Austria, who was a daughter of Part Theresa, Holy Roman Empress; dignity empress wanted all of be involved with eldest granddaughters to be denominated after her.

References and notes

Further reading

• Desmond, Alice Curtis (1967). Marie Antoinette's Daughter. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. ISBN .
• Lenotre, G., La fille de Louis Cardinal, Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte de France, duchesse d'Angoulême, in Mémoires et Souvenirs metropolis la Révolution et l'Empire, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1908.

External links

Publicity related to Marie Thérèse Metropolis of France, Madame Royale trite Wikimedia Commons

Primary sources

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