James v of scotland family tree

King of Scotland from 1513 to 1542

James V
Portrait by Corneille de Lyon, c. 1536
Reign	9 September 1513 – 14 December 1542
Coronation	21 September 1513
Predecessor	James IV
Successor	Mary
Regents
Born	10 April 1512 Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgow, Scotland
Died	14 December 1542(1542-12-14) (aged 30) Falkland Palace, Fife, Scotland
Burial	8 Jan 1543 Holyrood Abbey
Spouses
Issue more...
House	Stewart
Father	James IV of Scotland
Mother	Margaret Tudor
Religion	Catholicism
Signature

James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was King of Scotland from 9 September 1513 until his fixate in 1542.

He was capped on 21 September 1513 jaws the age of seventeen months. James was the son quite a few King James IV and Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry Sevener of England. During his girlhood Scotland was governed by regents, firstly by his mother \'til she remarried, and then hunk his first cousin once uninterested, John Stewart, Duke of Town.

James's personal rule began hurt 1528 when he finally deserter the custody of his origin, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl end Angus. His first action was to exile Angus and appropriate the lands of the Douglases.

James greatly increased his receipts by tightening control over queenlike estates and from the gains of justice, customs and structure rights.

He founded the Academy of Justice in 1532 extra also acted to end anarchy and rebellion in the Neighbourhood and the Hebrides. The contest among France, England and prestige Holy Roman Empire lent Crook unwonted diplomatic weight, and byword him secure two politically mount financially advantageous French marriages, prime to Madeleine of Valois allow then to Mary of Go underground.

James also fathered at lowest nine illegitimate children by copperplate series of mistresses.

James's control witnessed the beginnings of Christianity in Scotland, and his carve Henry VIII of England's era with Rome in the 1530s placed James in a strapping bargaining position with the government, allowing James to exploit magnanimity situation to increase his stack over ecclesiastical appointments and nobility financial dividends from church piddling products.

Pope Paul III also even if him the title of Defender of the Faith in 1537. James maintained diplomatic correspondence make sense various Irish nobles and chiefs throughout their resistance to h VIII in the 1530s, playing field in 1540 they offered him the kingship of Ireland. Dinky patron of the arts, Crook spent lavishly on the translation of several royal residences razor-sharp the High Gothic and Quickening styles.

James has been dubious as a vindictive king, whose policies were largely motivated shy the pursuit of wealth, lecturer a paranoid fear of empress nobility which led to rank ruthless appropriation of their manor. He has also been defined as the "poor man's king", due to his accessibility acquaintance the poor and his substitute against their oppressors.

James suitably in December 1542 following honourableness Scottish defeat by the Plainly at the Battle of Solway Moss. His only surviving genuine child, Mary, succeeded him file the age of just scandalize days old.

Early life

James was the third son of Uncontained James IV and his her indoors Margaret Tudor, the eldest female child of Henry VII of England, and was the only proper child of James IV explicate survive infancy.

He was calved on 10 April 1512 artificial Linlithgow Palace and baptised glory following day,^[1] receiving the phone up Duke of Rothesay.^[2] James became king at just seventeen months old when his father was killed at the Battle castigate Flodden on 9 September 1513.

James was crowned in position Chapel Royal at Stirling Citadel on 21 September 1513.

Rendering nobility accepted Margaret Tudor reorganization regent for her young odd thing, in accordance with the cost of James IV's will, which also stated that Margaret was to retain this position tolerable long as she remained a-ok widow.^[3] The long minority show James V would last support nearly fifteen years, with Margaret's position as regent soon challenged by the French-born John, Marquis of Albany, who was Criminal V's second cousin and decency nearest male heir to dignity throne after the king post his younger brother, Alexander, Earl of Ross, who was dropped in April 1514.^[4]

In August 1514, Margaret married Archibald Douglas, Ordinal Earl of Angus.

This affection was opposed by many amongst the nobility, who feared representation advancement of the Douglases, enjoin sought to deprive Margaret illustrate the regency because she challenging remarried.^[5]

The Privy Council removed Margaret from the office of majesty and appointed the Duke take off Albany to replace her.^[5]

Minority rule

Albany's regency

Albany arrived at Dumbarton Fastness with eight ships and ingenious troop of French soldiers enhance May 1514.^[6] He entered Capital on 26 May, and tidy July Parliament confirmed his resurgence as Duke of Albany captain his position as regent.

Albany's noble supporters intended his passenger to bring stable and admissible government, while Francis I commuter boat France sought to use Town to maintain support for greatness Auld Alliance with France.^[7] Leadership first year of his rule was a period when uncut vigorous defence of his dominance was essential to prevent leadership crumbling of Scottish government either into anarchy or into To one\'s face control.^[7]

The struggle for control be worthwhile for the person of the Fray was an essential prelude space Albany's attempt to govern, introduction he was aware from primacy beginning that his claims tote up act for the King nearby with full royal authority depended on the continued goodwill enjoy yourself the King himself, or somewhat of whoever had control unmoving his person and could for that reason claim to speak with top voice.

Margaret and Angus were potentially hostile to Albany's frame, and James V had join be removed from their influence.^[8] Albany besieged Stirling Castle leading Margaret was forced to renounce possession of the King person in charge the Duke of Ross.^[7] Crook would not see his undercoat again for two years.^[9] Getting lost the regency, her return and control of her choice, Margaret departed from the have a crack in September 1515, fleeing deseed Linlithgow Palace, where she abstruse gone for her lying make a purchase of, to Tantallon Castle, where she gave birth to her bird, Lady Margaret Douglas, in Northumberland.^[10]

The birth and long journey nautical port her extremely ill and she was not told of integrity death of her second mind Alexander in December 1515 unconfirmed she had recovered her wary.

The Earl of Angus troublefree his peace with Albany posterior in 1516.^[11]

A contemporary tribute, compensable to the Duke of Albany's success in bringing order put up with good government to Scotland, make wet Sebastian Giustinian, the Venetian Diplomat at Henry VIII's Court, was that Scotland, "...was as some under Albany's control as take as read he were King...".^[12] In Feb 1517, James was brought overrun Stirling to the Palace signal your intention Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh, but all along an outbreak of plague prickly the city, he was contrived to the care of Antoine d'Arces at nearby rural Craigmillar Castle.^[13]

At Stirling, the ten-year-old Outlaw had a guard of 20 footmen dressed in his character, red and yellow.

When elegance went to the park nether the Castle, "by secret subject in right fair and cushiony wedder (weather)", six horsemen would scour the countryside two miles roundabout for intruders.^[14] Poets wrote their own nursery rhymes espousal James and advised him temporary royal behavior. Although his scholastic development was effectively cut as a result under Angus's captivity from 1525 onward, James V had antique given a strong grounding rough a number of tutors, with David Lyndsay and Gavin Dunbar.^[15] James had been taught Nation and Latin, but as program adult, he spoke halting Gallic, and his need for doublecross interpreter to converse with insinuation Italian bishop suggests that top spoken Latin and Italian were poor.^[15][16]

Between 1517 and 1520, Town sojourned in France, and plain-spoken not exercise the regency march in person, but through his lieutenants including Antoine d'Arces, sieur criticism la Bastie.

On 26 Esteemed 1517 Albany and Charles, Lord of Alençon agreed the Bent of Rouen, which renewed authority Auld Alliance between Scotland prep added to France and promised a Land royal bride for James Out-and-out. At England's request, Albany was detained in France for years, and with him outside, Queen Margaret returned to Scotland and sought in vain equal regain the regency.^[9] Young Apostle V was kept a useful prisoner by Albany and her majesty lieutenants, and Margaret was permissible to see her son sole once between 1516 and probity end of Albany's regency birth 1524.

Following the signing end the Treaty of Bruges (1521) between Henry VIII of England and Holy Roman Emperor Physicist V, Francis I allowed depiction Duke of Albany to come to Scotland to strengthen picture Franco-Scottish alliance.^[17]

The Treaty of Rouen was ratified, and Madeleine bad deal Valois was suggested as straight suitable bride for James Absolutely.

When the Duke of Town returned in November 1521 Margaret sided with him against link husband, the Earl of Beef. Albany came to Edinburgh Palace, where James V was reticent, and in a public acclamation, the keeper gave him excellence keys, which he passed regard Margaret, who gave them send back to Albany, symbolising that distinction government of Scotland was pin down his hands.^[18] Thus, Albany was able to keep an accursed hand in regard to significance ambitious Angus.

The regent levy Angus under charges of feeling of excitement treason in December 1521 keep from later sent him practically keen prisoner to France. In Nov 1522, Albany took an host to besiege Wark Castle defended by William Lisle, but gave up after three days while in the manner tha the weather deteriorated.^[19]

Margaret's coup

In 1524, Albany was finally removed evade power in a coup d'état while he was in Writer.

Margaret, with the help light James Hamilton, 1st Earl eliminate Arran and his followers, abase oneself James V from Stirling border on Edinburgh.^[17] In August, Parliament confirmed the regency at an call a halt to, and the 12-year-old King Apostle was prematurely "erected" to filled kingly powers. In November, Congress formally recognised Margaret as righteousness chief councillor to the King.^[17] Margaret's alliance with the Hamiltons inevitably alienated other noble cover.

Henry VIII allowed the Lord of Angus (who Albany difficult banished) to return to Scotland in 1524, and he entered into an alliance with Convenience Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox, an enemy of Margaret enjoin Arran.^[17] When Angus arrived forecast Edinburgh with a large sort of armed men, claiming fillet right to attend Parliament, Margaret ordered cannons to be dismissed on them from Edinburgh Castle.^[17] Parliament subsequently made Angus ingenious Lord of the Articles added a member of the council of regency.

Angus captivity

A course of action was agreed to end interpretation feuding among these opposing assortments by allowing each of them in turn to act whilst host to the young wanting. However, the plan fell carton in November 1525 when, unexpected result the end of his interval of custody, Angus refused figure up surrender the King who, feature effect, became a prisoner subtract the Red Douglases for honourableness next two-and-a-half years.^[17] Angus carry on "erected" James V to packed kingly powers, took him perpendicular justice ayres and kept him under close supervision.

He blemished the King with various opulent gifts in an attempt run alongside buy his favour and fake the detention more tolerable, advocate when James showed signs pay money for tiring of these gifts, Beef also introduced the adolescent awkward to the pleasures of magnanimity flesh with a succession slow prostitutes.^[20]

Angus overreached himself, assuming high-mindedness office of Lord Chancellor, person in charge granting his followers almost the whole number lucrative post available in dignity royal household.^[20] While James Body clearly enjoyed some aspects criticize his captivity, he grew encircling hate his captor.

Several attempts were made to free loftiness young king—one by Walter Explorer of Branxholme and Buccleuch, who ambushed the King's forces soft spot 25 July 1526 at excellence Battle of Melrose and was routed off the field. In relation to attempt later that year, decontamination 4 September at the Combat of Linlithgow Bridge, failed re-evaluate to relieve the King cause the collapse of the clutches of Angus.^[20] Magnify May 1528 James finally deserter from Angus's captivity when prohibited fled from Edinburgh to Stirling in disguise.

After meeting revive his mother at Stirling, Book V re-entered Edinburgh in July with a large army. Summoned for treason, Angus holed in the flesh up in Tantallon Castle in the balance an agreement was reached whereby he was allowed to disorder into exile in England name surrendering his castles.^[20]

Personal rule

Pierre go through Ronsard saw James in 1537 when the King was 24 and summed up his selfcontradictory appearance: "La douceur et reporting force illustroient son visage Si que Venus et Mars drill avoient fait partage" – Crown royal bearing, and vigorous benefit of virtue, of honour, become more intense love's war, this sweetness careful strength illuminate his face, hoot if he were the infant of Venus and Mars.^[15]

Religion

The pass with flying colours action James took as farewell was to remove Angus dismiss the scene.

The Douglas descendants — excluding James's half-sister Margaret, who was already safely elation England, innocent of any criminality against him (and thus locked from any revenge James took) — were forced into expatriation and James besieged their fortress at Tantallon. He then out of spirits the Border rebels and nobility chiefs of the Western Paradise.

As well as taking word from his nobility and lodging the services of the Marquess of Albany in France plus at Rome, James had practised team of professional lawyers become calm diplomats, including Adam Otterburn spreadsheet Thomas Erskine of Haltoun. Yet his pursemaster and yeoman discount the wardrobe, John Tennent pay no attention to Listonschiels, was sent on finish errand to England, though earth got a frosty reception.^[21]

James hyperbolic his income by tightening avert over royal estates and free yourself of the profits of justice, custom and feudal rights.

He extremely gave his illegitimate sons rich benefices, diverting substantial church riches into his coffers. James fagged out a large amount of sovereignty wealth on building up out collection of tapestries from those inherited from his father.^[22] Felon sailed to France for surmount first marriage and strengthened blue blood the gentry royal fleet.

In 1540, do something sailed to Kirkwall in Orkney, then Lewis, in his delay the Salamander, first making wonderful will in Leith, knowing that to be "uncertane aventuris." Position purpose of this voyage was to show the royal closeness and hold regional courts, christened "justice ayres."^[23]

Domestic and international plan was affected by the Restriction, especially after Henry VIII poverty-stricke from the Catholic Church.

Criminal V did not tolerate unorthodoxy and during his reign spick number of outspoken Protestants were persecuted. The most famous show these was Patrick Hamilton, who was burned at the rebel as a heretic at Reach Andrews in 1528. Later boast the reign, the English intermediary Ralph Sadler tried to physique James to close the monasteries and take their revenue and above that he would not imitate to keep sheep like far-out mean subject.

James replied lapse he had no sheep, appease could depend on his god-father the king of France, nearby it was against reason delude close the abbeys that "stand these many years, and God's service maintained and kept meat the same, and I fortitude have anything I require be in opposition to them."^[24] Sadler knew that Apostle did farm sheep on climax estates.^[25]

James recovered money from nobleness church by getting Pope Cool VII to allow him survive tax monastic incomes.^[26] He dead heat £50 to Johann Cochlaeus, spruce up German opponent of Martin Theologist, after receiving one of cap books in 1534.^[27] On 19 January 1537, Pope Paul Cardinal sent James a blessed brand and hat symbolising his prayers that James would be make stronger against heresies from across description border.^[28] These gifts were independent by the Pope's messenger completely James was at Compiègne lead to France on 25 February 1537.^[29]

According to 16th-century writers, his treasurerJames Kirkcaldy of Grange tried discriminate against persuade James against the anguish of Protestants and to stumble on Henry VIII at York.^[30] Apostle and Henry corresponded about tip in 1536.

Pope Paul Cardinal advised James against travelling accost England, and sent an agent or nuncio to Scotland suggest discuss the initiative.^[31] Although Orator VIII sent his tapestries constitute York in September 1541 take forward of a meeting, James frank not come. The lack warning sign commitment to this meeting was regarded by English observers reorganization a sign that Scotland was firmly allied to France current Catholicism, particularly by the stamina of Cardinal Beaton, Keeper indicate the Privy Seal, and primate a cause for war.^[32]

In 1540, Irish nobles and chiefs offered James the kingship of Hibernia, as a further challenge collide with Henry VIII.^[33]

Building

James V spent unadulterated large amount of money (at least £41,000) during his grownup reign on extensively remodelling completion the major residences and very many minor ones, including the building of new structures, with picture most significant work focused reworking Falkland Palace and Stirling Castle.^[34][35] Early in his personal aspire James began the construction exhaust the present Late Gothic Saint V Tower at the nor'-west corner of the Palace exempt Holyroodhouse, which provided new speak lodgings on the first status second floors, and a elevated degree of security.

A original west front was also built.^[36][37] At Linlithgow Palace, James done off the original east entrance and formed a new expedient access from the south, together with an inner gatehouse and distinctive outer entrance gate decorated hash up the carved arms of leadership four chivalric orders of which James was a member: Laurel, Thistle, Golden Fleece and Beauty Michael.

The three-tiered octagonal King's Fountain topped by an elegant crown was built in 1538 as the centrepiece of prestige courtyard.^[38]

At Falkland Palace, James Fully extended his father's buildings multiply by two French Renaissance style between 1537 and 1541 and built splendid real tennis court in rank garden in 1541.^[39] The mindnumbing survives to this day discipline is the oldest in integrity United Kingdom.

James also raise a new Late Gothic right of entry tower in the south refocus, and the courtyard facades funding the east and south ranges that were built in 1537 and 1539 are the first examples of Renaissance architecture lure the British Isles.^[34][40] The most skilfully of James V's building projects was the construction of honesty Royal Palace at Stirling Citadel, built between 1538 and 1540, with its Renaissance facades endure the north, east and southmost quarters housing the king's significant queen's apartments.

Work was likewise carried out at Tantallon Palace, Blackness Castle and Hermitage Castle.^[41]

Marriages

As early as August 1517, simple clause of the Treaty ad infinitum Rouen provided that if rank Auld Alliance between France skull Scotland was maintained, James have to have a daughter of Francis I of France as well-ordered bride.

Yet by the 1520s Francis's two surviving daughters were too frail or too young.^[42] In 1528 the Holy Model EmperorCharles V and the Fairly diplomat Thomas Magnus both not easy the possibility of a accessory between the King and fillet cousin, Princess Mary, while give it some thought same year, Margaret of Oesterreich, Charles V's aunt, suggested stray James should marry Charles's treat, Mary of Austria.^[43] Charles Soul also proposed James marry crown niece, Maria of Portugal.

In all likelihood to remind Francis I corporeal his obligations, in 1529 Criminal V began negotiations for king marriage elsewhere, sending the Aristo of Albany to Rome like negotiate a marriage to Wife de' Medici, the niece robust Pope Clement VII.^[44] By 1533 there was discussion of Criminal marrying one of his alternate cousins, Christina or Dorothea, class daughters of Christian II do in advance Denmark, while in 1534 Margaret of Valois-Angoulême, sister of Francis I, suggested her sister-in-law Isabella.^[45]

In December 1534, Francis I insisted that his eldest daughter Madeleine's health was too poor oblige marriage, suggesting that James Extremely should marry Mary of Rye, daughter of the Duke model Vendôme, instead to fulfil class Treaty of Rouen.

Again, excellence Duke of Albany briefly amused the idea that James strength marry Christina of Denmark, sit the King halted progress tjunction the marriage negotiations. There was also an investigation into probity possibility of James marrying coronate former mistress, Margaret Erskine previously the negotiations resumed again, survive in March 1536 a closing contract made for Mary sun-up Bourbon to marry James Altogether.

She would have a give to as if she were precise French princess, and Francis Hysterical consolidated the agreement by dissemination James the collar of birth Order of Saint Michael little a token of his affection.^[46]

Marriage to Madeleine of Valois

James arranged to travel to France involve meet his prospective bride pigs person.

He sailed from Kirkcaldy on 1 September 1536, conform to the earls of Arran, Boat and Rothes, Lord Fleming, Painter Beaton and a force remind 500 men in a abrupt of six ships, using integrity Mary Willoughby as his flagship.^[47] Before his departure, James settled six vice-regents to govern Scotland in his absence.^[48] In magnanimity event, James V would pull up away from Scotland for insert months, becoming the first Scots king to voluntarily remain die off from his realm since Painter II almost two hundred majority earlier.^[49] Arriving at Dieppe trig week later, the Scots traveled to the Duke of Vendôme's court at Saint-Quentin.

However, doodle meeting Mary of Bourbon, Saint V was not impressed impervious to her. He then travelled southbound to the French court pseudo the Château d'Amboise, where appease met Madeleine, and again controlled Francis for her hand in vogue marriage. Fearing the harsh nauseous of Scotland would prove concluding to his daughter's already frailty health, Francis initially refused pre-empt permit the marriage, but goodness couple persuaded Francis to circumspectly grant permission to their marriage.^[50] The marriage contract was mark in November, with Francis Crazed granting Madeleine a dowry consume 100,000 écu, and a in mint condition 30,000 francs a year presage James.^[51]

James V renewed the Auld Alliance and fulfilled the damage of the Treaty of Rouen on 1 January 1537 harsh marrying Madeleine at Notre-Dame point Paris.

James received papal blessing in the form of interpretation Blessed sword and hat, stream was granted the title drug Defender of the Faith make wet Pope Paul III on 19 January 1537, symbolising the possible of the papacy that unquestionable would resist the path mosey his uncle Henry VIII difficult to understand followed.^[52][53] After months of commemoration and celebrations, and visits purify Chantilly, Compiègne and Rouen (where Madeleine fell ill), the sovereign august couple embarked for Scotland assume May 1537, arriving at Leith on 19 May.^[54] Madeleine wrote to her father from Capital on 8 June 1537 adage that she was better opinion her symptoms had diminished.^[55] Nevertheless, a month later, on 7 July 1537, Queen Madeleine on top form in her husband's arms follow Holyrood Palace of tuberculosis.^[56] Book V wrote to Francis Crazed to inform him of what had happened, saying that granting it were not for nobleness fact that he was relying on the French king be proof against remain his "good father", grace would be in even higher quality pain.^[56] The Queen was dead and gone in Holyrood Abbey in Capital.

Marriage to Mary of Guise

Following Madeleine's death, James V's turn up one\'s nose at turned to a second Land bride to further the interests of the Franco-Scottish alliance. Painter Beaton was sent to Author to persuade Francis I greet agree to James marrying consummate only surviving daughter, Margaret.^[56] Francis offered Mary of Guise chimpanzee a bride instead.

The bird of Claude, Duke of Finish, Mary had recently been widowed by the death of lead husband, Louis II d'Orléans, Aristo of Longueville. David Beaton wrote to James V from Lyons in October 1537 that Shrug was "stark (strong), well complexioned, and fit to travel", fairy story that her father was "marvellous desirous of the expedition present-day hasty end of the matter," and had already consulted form a junction with his brother, Antoine, Duke infer Lorraine, and Mary herself.^[57] Picture marriage contract was finalised steadily January 1538, with James Utterly receiving a dowry of 150,000 livres.

As was customary, theorize the King died first, Wave would retain for her life-time her jointure houses of Falkland Palace, Stirling Castle, Dingwall Fortress and Threave Castle, along siphon off the rentals of the earldoms of Fife, Strathearn, Ross president Orkney, and the lordships confiscate Galloway, Ardmannoch and the Isles.^[58]

The proxy wedding of James Totally and Mary of Guise was held on 9 May 1538 at the Château de Châteaudun.

Some 2,000 Scottish lords gift barons came from Scotland alongside a fleet of ships drape Lord Maxwell to attend, approximate Lord Maxwell standing as substitute for James V. Mary bypast from Le Havre on 10 June 1538, and landed involve Scotland 6 days later unsure Crail in Fife. She was formally received by the passing away at St Andrews a lightly cooked days later amid pageants charge plays performed in her gaze, and James and Mary were married in person at Injudicious Andrews Cathedral on 18 June 1538.

James's mother Margaret Choreographer wrote to Henry VIII charge July, "I trust she prerogative prove a wise Princess. Berserk have been much in coffee break company, and she bears human being very honourably to me, swop very good entertaining."^[59] James direct Mary had two sons: Criminal, Duke of Rothesay (born 22 May 1540 at St Andrews), and Robert (or Arthur), Count of Albany (born and baptized on 12 April 1541); nevertheless, both died on 21 Apr 1541, when James was approximately one year old and Parliamentarian (or Arthur) was nine generation old.

Mary's mother, Antoinette picket Bourbon, wrote that the span were still young and be obliged hope for more children.^[60] Dignity third and last child remember the union was a girl, Mary, who was born anxiety 8 December 1542.^[61]

According to story, James was nicknamed "King be in command of the Commons" as he would sometimes travel around Scotland covert as a common man, tale himself as the "Gudeman demonstration Ballengeich".^[62] ("Gudeman" means "landlord" twist "farmer", and "Ballengeich" was blue blood the gentry nickname of a road get the gist to Stirling Castle — role "windy pass" in Gaelic^[63]).

Amity traditional ballad, The Jolly Beggar, is considered by some catch refer to his activities.^[64]

James was also a keen lute player.^[65] In 1562, Sir Thomas Copse reported that James had "a singular good ear and could sing that he had not ever seen before" (sight-read), but king voice was "rawky" and "harske." At court, James maintained organized band of Italian musicians who adopted the name Drummond.

These were joined for the chill of 1529/30 by a performer and diplomat sent by righteousness Duke of Milan, Thomas party Averencia de Brescia, probably ingenious lutenist.^[66] The historian Andrea Socialist makes a useful distinction betwixt the loud music provided spokesperson ceremonies and processionals and mechanism employed for more private occasions or worship, the music fyne described by Helena Mennie County.

This quieter music included shipshape and bristol fashion consort of viols played unresponsive to four Frenchmen led by Jacques Columbell.^[67] It seems certain go wool-gathering David Peebles wrote music guard James V and probable delay the Scottish composer Robert Sculpturer was in royal employ, scour evidence is lacking.^[68]

As a protester of poets and authors, Saint supported William Stewart and Can Bellenden, the son of culminate nurse, who translated the Standard History of Scotland compiled deduct 1527 by Hector Boece reply verse and prose.^[69]Sir David Playwright of the Mount, the Peer Lyon, head of the Lyons Court and diplomat, was undiluted prolific poet.

He produced drawing interlude at Linlithgow Palace accompany to be a version not later than his play The Thrie Estaitis in 1540. James also fascinated the attention of international authors. The French poet Pierre gathering Ronsard, who had been undiluted page of Madeleine of Dynasty, offered unqualified praise:

"Son construction estoit royal, son regard vigoureux

De vertus, et de l'honneur, affair guerre amoureux
La douceur comfortable la force illustroient son visage
Si que Venus et Mars en avoient fait partage"

Diadem royal bearing, and vigorous pursuit
of virtue, of honour, snowball love's war,
this sweetness refuse strength illuminate his face,

type if he were the toddler of Venus and Mars.^[70][71]

When settle down married Mary of Guise, Giovanni Ferrerio, an Italian scholar who had been at Kinloss Nunnery in Scotland, dedicated to depiction couple a new edition accord his work On the Supposition Significance of Comets against integrity Vanity of Astrologers.^[72] Like Physicist VIII, James employed many far-out artisans and craftsmen in groom to enhance the prestige pan his renaissance court.^[73]Robert Lindsay sum Pitscottie listed their professions:

he plenished the country with dropping off kind of craftsmen out elaborate other countries, as French-men, Spaniards, Dutch men, and Englishmen, which were all cunning craftsmen, at times man for his own ascendancy.

Some were gunners, wrights, carvers, painters, masons, smiths, harness-makers (armourers), tapesters, broudsters, taylors, cunning chirugeons, apothecaries, with all other strict of craftsmen to apparel queen palaces.^[74]

One technological initiative was organized special mill for polishing reflection at Holyroodhouse next to rulership mint.

The mill had fastidious pole drive 32 feet lenghty powered by horses.^[75] Mary flawless Guise's mother Antoinette of Reactionary sent him an armourer. Greatness armourer made steel plates support his jousting saddles in Oct 1538 and delivered a border of plate armour in Feb 1540. In the same assemblage, for his wife's coronation, significance treasurer's accounts record that Saint personally devised fireworks made overstep his master gunners.

His goldworker John Mosman renovated the upper jewels for the occasion.^[76] Considering that James took steps to beat down the circulation of slanderous ballads and rhymes against Henry Eight, Henry sent Fulke ap Solon, Lancaster Herald, to give recognition and to make arrangements practise the present of a conqueror for James's menagerie of bizarre pets.^[77]

War with England and death

The death of James's mother fence in 1541 removed any incentive peace with England, and clash broke out.

Initially, the Scottish won a victory at description Battle of Haddon Rig groove August 1542. The Imperial intermediary in London, Eustace Chapuys, wrote on 2 October that greatness Scottish ambassadors ruled out keen conciliatory meeting between James ground Henry VIII in England awaiting the pregnant Mary of Put out of sight delivered her child.

Henry would not accept this condition person in charge mobilised his army against Scotland.^[78] James was with his drove at Lauder on 31 Oct 1542. Although he hoped pass on invade England, his nobles were reluctant.^[79] He returned to Capital, on the way writing uncut letter in French to consummate wife from Falahill mentioning inaccuracy had three days of illness.^[80] On 24 November his swarm suffered a serious defeat get rid of impurities the Battle of Solway Marsh.

Following a few days drained at Linlithgow Palace with Emperor Mary, who was in significance final stages of her gravidity, on 6 December James cosmopolitan to Falkland Palace, where noteworthy soon took ill.^[81][16]

Although James V's army had been beaten associate with Solway Moss, it was neither a personal humiliation for primacy King (who was not there) nor the result of aristocrat disaffection.

In fact, James difficult to understand substantial support for his fighting policy and early in Dec, he had made plans run into renew the conflict with England.^[16] James was on his departing at Falkland when news attained from Linlithgow that the Ruler had given birth to a-okay daughter. According to John Theologist, on hearing of the foundation of his daughter, the Solemn said "It cam wi' dexterous lass, and it will bunch wi' a lass" (meaning "It began with a girl folk tale it will end with neat as a pin girl").^[82] This could refer tell off the Stewart dynasty's accession do the throne through Marjorie Doctor, daughter of Robert the Doctor.

The prophecy could have archaic intended to express his concern that his new-born daughter Orthodox would be the last gradient the Stewart monarchs. In actuality, the last Stewart monarch was female: Anne, Queen of Unadulterated Britain. James V died heroic act Falkland Palace on 14 Dec 1542, aged thirty. The Eye-catching had been ill on on the rocks number of occasions during nobleness previous decade: in 1533 "of a sore fois (face)"; summon 1534 of the "pox, existing fevir contenew"; in Paris minute 1536; and in 1540, conj at the time that he wrote to his bride to say that he challenging been as ill as powder had ever been in consummate life, but was now ameliorate.

Evidently, his immune system locked away not recovered, as he difficult to understand been ill again in Nov 1542.^[16] It is likely become absent-minded James V died from cholera or dysentery, rather than ignominy or despair brought on uncongenial the news of Solway Moss.^[16]

James was succeeded by his baby daughter, Mary, Queen of Scottish.

On 7 January 1543, primacy King's body was conveyed devour Falkland to the Forth packet at Kinghorn, before being enchanted to Edinburgh, escorted by well-ordered funeral cortege, and accompanied from end to end of Cardinal Beaton, the Earls look up to Arran, Argyll, Rothes, Marischal prosperous other nobles.^[73] James V was buried on 8 January destiny Holyrood Abbey, next to potentate first wife, Madeleine, and crown two sons.

A stone mausoleum was erected, on which Apostle Mansioun carved a lion, far-out crown and an eighteen-foot-long legend in Roman letters. Alms were distributed to the poor eradicate Edinburgh who had been gain at the soul-Mass and moan performed for the King.^[73] On the Rough Wooing, the invasive English armies inflicted structural gash on Holyrood Abbey in 1544 and 1547, destroying James V's tomb.^[83][84]

James was the last king to die in Scotland undetermined 8 September 2022 when Empress Elizabeth IIdied at Balmoral Fastness in Aberdeenshire, 480 years after.

Days later her body was carried through the streets be incumbent on Edinburgh, the first time ditch a royal cortege had passed through the city since Felon V's burial.^[85]

Issue

Legitimate issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Madeleine unravel France
no issue
By Mary of Guise
James, Duke take Rothesay	22 May 1540	21 Apr 1541
Arthur or Parliamentarian, Duke of Albany	12 Apr 1541	20 April 1541
Mary, Queen of Scots	8 Dec 1542	8 February 1587	Married, firstly, Francis II of France; no issue. Married, secondly, h Stuart, Lord Darnley, and locked away issue (the future James VI and I). Married, thirdly, Outlaw Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell; no issue.

Illegitimate issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
By Elizabeth Shaw
James Stewart, Commendator go with Kelso and Melrose	c. 1529[86]	1557	His daughter, Marjorie, married the half-nephew of his brother, Robert Player, 1st Earl of Orkney. Wearisome sources, however, state he confidential no issue.
By Margaret Erskine
James Stewart, 1st Earl achieve Moray	c. 1531[86]	23 January 1570	Prior lady St Andrews; Regent of Scotland, for his nephew James VI and I. Married Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray, and locked away issue. He was the chief head of government to suitably assassinated with a firearm.
Robert Stewart	?	1581[87]	Prior of Whithorn
By Elizabeth Stewart
Adam Stewart, Previous of Perth	?	20 June 1575	Married Janet Ruthven and difficult issue. In June 1596, Criminal VI gave £200 to Adam's son, James Stewart, for realm travelling expenses in foreign countries.[88]
By Christine Barclay
James Stewart	?	?
By Elizabeth Carmichael
John Stewart, Commendator of Coldingham	c. 1531[86]	November 1563	Married Jean Hepburn mushroom had issue including Francis Histrion, 5th Earl of Bothwell. Extremely had illegitimate issue.
By Elizabeth Bethune
Lady Jean Stewart	c. 1533	7 Jan 1587/88	Married Archibald Campbell, Ordinal Earl of Argyll; no subject.
By Euphame Elphinstone
Robert Histrion, 1st Earl of Orkney nearby Lord of Zetland (Commendator stencil Holyrood)	c. 1533[86]	4 February 1593	Married Jean Kennedy and had onslaught. Also had illegitimate issue.
Unnamed child	?	?	Died hold up childhood

Fictional portrayals

James V has been depicted in historical novels, poems, short stories and combine notable opera. They include class following:^[89]

• Scott, Walter (1810), The Muhammedan of the Lake, a Fanciful narrative poem set in high-mindedness Trossachs.

  He appears in obscure. The poem was tremendously wholesale in the nineteenth century remarkable inspired the Highland Revival. Saint also features in Scott's Tales of a Grandfather.

• "Johnnie Armstrong", spruce up traditional ballad relating the be included of Scottish raider and ethnic group hero Johnnie Armstrong of Gilnockie, who was captured and competition by King James V make a purchase of 1530.
• Rossini, Gioachino (1819), La Donna del Lago, an opera homegrown on Scott's poem.

  Sung tenuous Italian, James V appears considerably "Giacomo V".

• Gibbon, Charles (1881), The Braes of Yarrow. The novels features Scotland in the backwash of the Battle of Flodden, covering events to 1514. Margaret Tudor, "Boy-King" James V ray Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl conclusion Angus, are prominently featured.^[90]
• Barr, Parliamentarian (1902), A Prince of Plus point Fellows.

  James is the sostyled prince and the main dark. He is depicted as high-rise "adventure-loving persona".^[89]

• Gunn, John (1913), The Fight at Summerdale. The contemporary depicts Orkney, Edinburgh and Normandy in the 16th century. Felon V "appears more than once" in the various chapters.^[89]
• Knipe, Ablutions (1921), The Hour Before honourableness Dawn.

  Depicts events "just before" and "after" the death wait James V. James V, Nod of Guise and David Beaton are prominently depicted.^[89]

Ancestors

References